Seawater Splitting for Hydrogen Generation Using Zirconium and Its Niobium Alloy under Gamma Radiation

Hydrogen production is produced for future green energy. The radiation–chemical yield for seawater without a catalyst, with Zr, and with Zr1%Nb (Zr = 99% Nb = 1%) were (G(H₂) = 0.81, 307.1, and 437.4 molecules/100 eV, respectively. The radiation–thermal water decomposition increased in γ-radiation of the Zr1%Nb + SW system with increasing temperature. At T = 1273 K, it prevails over radiation processes. During the radiation and heat radiation heterogeneous procedures in the Zr1% Nb + SW system, the production of surface energetic sites and secondary electrons accelerated the accumulation of molecular hydrogen and Zr1%Nb oxidation. Thermal radiation and thermal processes caused the metal phase to collect thermal surface energetic sites for water breakdown and Zr 1%Nb oxidation starting at T = 573 K.     

Construction of exotic smooth structures

In this article, we construct infinitely many simply connected, nonsymplectic and pairwise nondiffeomorphic 4-manifolds starting from the elliptic surfaces E(n) and applying the sequence of knot surgery, ordinary blowups and rational blowdown. We also compute the Seiberg-Witten invariants of these manifolds.     

The action of intense light beams on metal surfaces

Studies of the effect of lasers on metals have shown that the action of intense light beams leads to the formation of craters on metal surfaces. A considerable increase in hardness is often observed in the region of such craters; the hardness of low-carbon steels may reach 700 kg/mm², which is considerably higher than that produced by other heat and mechanical treatments.In conclusion, the authors would like to thank R. V. Khokhlov for providing the facilities for the experimental work, and G. I. Barenblatt and I. M. Gryuznov for their assistance in interpreting the results.     

Regularities in Noncommutative Banach Algebras

In this paper we introduce regularities and subspectra in a unital noncommutative Banach algebra and prove that there is a correspondence between them similar to the commutative case. This correspondence involves a radical on a class of Banach algebras equipped with a subspectrum. Taylor and Slodkowski spectra for noncommutative tuples of bounded linear operators are the main examples of subspectra in the noncommutative case.      

Noncommutative Localizations of Lie-Complete Rings

In this paper we investigate the topological localizations of Lie-complete rings. It has been proved that a topological localization of a Lie-complete ring is commutative modulo its topological nilradical. Based on the topological localizations we define a noncommutative affine scheme X = Spf(A) for a Lie-complete ring A. The main result of the paper asserts that the topological localization A_(f) of A at f ∈ A is embedded into the ring 𝒪_A(X_f) of all sections of the structure sheaf 𝒪_A on the principal open set X_f as a dense subring with respect to the weak I₁-adic topology, where I₁ is the two-sided ideal generated by all commutators in A. The equality A_(f) = 𝒪_A(X_f) can only be achieved in the case of an NC-complete ring A.     

Oxidative passivation of nickel in catalytic cracking by carbon dioxide

A possibility to use CO₂ as a nickel oxidative passivator for catalytic cracking has been shown for the first time. A model reaction of n-C₇H₁₆ cracking indicates that CO₂ contributes to the stable activity ofMn-containing catalysts irrespective of their Ni content. Moreover, CO₂ oxidizes metallic nickel, thus decreasing the deep cracking reaction and the content of low-molecular hydrocarbons.     

Equivalence of K-functional and modulus of smoothness of functions on the sphere

In the present note certain fundamental estimates of the constructive theory of functions on the sphere Sⁿ Rⁿ⁺¹, n 1, are sharpened on the basis of the equivalence of the K-functional and the modulus of smoothness of functions. In particular a Bernshtein-type inequality for spherical polynomials is made more precise. The estimates obtained are applied to deduce a membership criterion for the function f L_p(Sⁿ), 1 p , to the space H_r H_r L_p(Sⁿ) depending on the growth of the norm of derivatives of best approximation polynomials of the function f, which is an analog of a result found by S. B. Stechkin related to continuous periodic functions.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 123–129, September, 1992.The author wishes to express his deep gratitude to Academician S. M. Nikol'skii and Professor P. I. Lizorkin for discussion of the results of the present note.     

Ceramide and Cerebroside from the stem bark of Ficus mucuso (Moraceae)

Two new sphingolipids mucusamide (1) and mucusoside (2) have been isolated from methanol soluble part of the stem bark of Ficus mucuso WELW., together with fifteen known secondary metabolites including cellobiosylsterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), lupeol acetate (7), ursolic acid (8), procatechuic acid (9), 2-methyl-5,7-dihydroxychromone 8-C-β-D-glucoside (10), apigenin (11), (-)-epicatechin (12), (+)-catechin (13), N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanilol (14), α-acetylamino-phenylpropyl α-benzoylamino-phenylpropionate (15), asperphenamate (16) and bejaminamide (17). Structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods.