Developmental gametophyte morphology of seven species of Thelypteris subg. Cyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae)

The morphogenesis of the sexual phase of seven species of Thelypteris subg. Cyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) is described and compared. Spores of all species are monolete, ellipsoid and have positive photoblastism. They have Vittaria-type germination, germinal filaments are short and uniseriate, and Aspidium-type development. Adult gametophytes are spatulate-cordiform, and have wide wings with numerous glandular, marginal and superficial hairs. Antheridia have a narrow or widened basal cell, an undivided annular cell, and an opercular cell; antherozoids are liberated through three mechanisms. Archegonia have short necks and four triangular cells on the neck's mouth. The sporophyte's first leaf is lobed, with open dichotomous veins, glandular hairs similar to those of the gametophyte, and anomocytic stomata. Differences observed between the studied species are: spore size; ornamentation of the perispore; germination and emergence periods; size of hairs; developmental period of gametangia; and antherozoid liberation mechanisms through total detachment of the operculum, partial detachment of the operculum, and development of an apical pore through tearing of the operculum. These taxonomically valuable characters, combined with the sporophyte characteristics, can be useful tools in the identification of the species studied to the subg. Cyclosorus.     

N,N′‐Bis(2‐tosyl­amino­benzyl­idene)‐1,2‐ethanedi­amine

The structure of the title compound, C₃₀H₃₀N₄O₄S₂, is highly conditioned in the solid state by two strong N—H?N interactions. The values of the distances between the aminic N atoms [5.865 (3) Å] and the iminic N atoms [2.930 (4) Å], in conjunction with the long distance between the S atoms of the two tosyl groups [7.673 (1) Å], suggest that when the molecule acts as a ligand it will provide a single cavity for N₄ coordination to the metal centre.     

Molecular structure of 4-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid trifluoroacetate

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined by X-ray analysis. 4-(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-l-yl)benzoic acid trifluoroacetate crystallizes in the 12/a space group witha=20.6584(13),b=9.9068(3),c=14.9467(6) , =106.195(4),V=2937.6(2) ų, Dc=1.494 g/cm³ andZ=8. The ions pack in chains parallel to thea axis through O–HO and N–HO hydrogen bond interactions. Solid-state¹³C CPMASNMR spectroscopy has been used to compare the structure of the trifluoracetate with that of the neutral molecule [4-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-l-yl)benzoic acid].     

Crystal and molecular structure of di(μ 3-oxo-tri-μ-oxotrichlorohexakis(pyridine)-triangulotritungsten(IV))hexatungstate(VI)-6-pyridine, [W3(O)O3Cl3(C5H5N)6]2W6O19·6C5H5N

[W₃(O)O₃Cl₃(C₅H₅N)₆]₂W₆O₁₉·6C₅H₅N, the side product of the reaction between WCl₄(C₅H₅N)₂ and pyridine, crystallizes in the rhombohedral space groupR¯3 (No. 148), witha=14.044(1) Å,=87.70(1)°, andZ=1. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method, and refined to the unweighted and weighted residuals of 0.068 and 0.055, respectively. The tungsten atoms define an equilateral triangle with a capping and three bridging oxygen atoms. Two pyridines in thecis position and a chlorine atom form, together with the oxygens, a distorted octahedron around the tungsten atoms; three octahedra are connected through common edges. Important bond lengths are: W-W (single bond) 2.532(1), W-O (tricapped) 2.09(1), W-O (bridging) 1.92(1) and 1.94(1), W-C1 2.424(5), and W-N (pyridine) 2.23(1) and 2.26(1) Å. In W₆O ₁₉ ^2– , six WO₆ octahedra have one common central oxygen, twelve bridging and six terminal oxygen atoms. Corresponding W-O bond lengths are: 2.323(1) (central oxygen), from 1.90 to 1.94(1) (bridging oxygens), and 1.70(2) Å (terminal oxygens). Lattice pyridine molecules have no important contacts with either anion or cation.     

Synthesis and Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N</Emphasis>-di(prop-2-ynyl)-<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-toluidine

Abstract  

In order to investigate the intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition, we prepared some new tertiary N-(5-substituted-2-furfuryl)-N-prop-2-ynyl-p-toluidines [Hergold-Brundić et al., Acta Cryst C56:e520, 2000; Mance and Jakopčić, Mol Divers 9:229, 2005; Mance, “unpublished results”] by the alkylation of secondary N-(5-substituted-2-furfuryl)-p-toluidines with the propargyl-bromide [Mance and Šindler-Kulyk, Synth Commun 26:923, 1996]. In the course of preparation of N-(5-methoxy-2-furfuryl)-N-prop-2-ynyl-p-toluidine [Mance, “unpublished results”], besides the main product (compound 1) (Scheme 1) we obtained N,N-di(prop-2-ynyl)-p-toluidine (compound 2) as the colourless crystals. The title compound 2, N,N-di(prop-2-ynyl)-p-toluidine, C₁₃H₁₃N, crystallizes in monoclinic C 2/c space group with unit cell parameters: a = 19.5319(9) ?, b = 7.5230(3) ?, c = 15.9000(7) ?, β = 112.554(5)°, V = 2157.64(18) ?³, Z = 8. The crystal structure is dominated by van der Waals forces only. The bond distances around amine N atom correspond to σ dominated bonds (1.467(2), 1.462(2) and 1.419(2) ?). The angles sum around amine N atom is in accord with sp³ hybridization (343°).     

The molecular structure of 3(5)-methyl-4,5(3)-trimethylenepyrazole hydrochloride and its13C and15N NMR spectroscopy

The title compound (C₇N₂H₁₀, HC1, 1/2H₂O) crystallizes in the space groupC2/c with cell parameters:a=11.651(9),b=16.309(1),c=9.167(1)Å,=94.95(3)°,Z=8, withd=1.287 g cm^–3. One of the chlorine atoms lies on a twofold axis, the second and the oxygen atom of the water molecule have disordered positions. Intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds are established between nitrogen atoms of the pyrazole ring and chlorine atoms or the water molecule. In this way, chains of molecules are built; these chains, through van der Waals interactions, form layers which are stacked in the a direction. The¹H,¹³C, and¹⁵N NMR (this last using the double labelled compound) have been recorded in solution and the¹³C NMR spectrum also in the solid state (CP/MAS technique). The NMR parameters ( andJ's) thus obtained are discussed using the molecular structure.     

Crystallographic Characterization of Dipyridylamine Derivatives

Abstract  

Dipyridylamine has been coupled with phenyl groups to yield new organic ligands. During the course of one reaction a lithium salt of dipyridylamine was isolated as the product. These new compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, which reveals that π–π stacking interactions as well as hydrogen bonding permeate the isolated compounds in the solid state. BrPhDPA, compound 1, crystallizes in the monoclinic P2₁ space group with cell parameters a = 5.8291(1), b = 8.8504(2), c = 13.2341(3) ? and β = 91.928(1)°. 3-ThPh(DPA)₂, compound 4, crystallizes in the orthorhombic C2/c space group with cell parameters a = 14.8033(7), b = 11.4124(4), c = 16.11780(7) ? and β = 115.911(3)°. Finally the lithium salt, [Li(HDPA)(H₂O)₂](H₂DPA)(Cl)₂(H₂O), compound 5, crystallizes in the monoclinic Cmcm space group with cell parameters a = 14.043(3), b = 12.370(3) and c = 13.389(3) ?.     

The Coordination Behaviour of the Peroxodisulfate Anion with Group XII Metal Ions: [Zn(H2O)(C12H8N2)2(S2O8)]·H2O and Related Compounds

Abstract  

The title compound is monomeric with a Zn(II) hexacoordinated center. The coordination sphere is formed by four nitrogens from two phenanthroline molecules, one oxygen from a monodentate peroxodisulfate ion, and one oxygen from a water molecule. A non-coordinated water molecule completes the formula with an important role in the stabilization of the structure through the formation of two O_HW–H···O_pds bridges (acting as a donor) and one O_CW–H···O_HW bridge where it is an acceptor group (HW: hydration water; pds: peroxodisulfato; CW: coordinated water). The compound is triclinic, space group P-1 with a = 8.763 (3) ?, b = 9.068 (3) ?, c = 17.531 (6) ?, α = 96.48 (2)°, β = 103.94 (3)°, γ = 104.57 (3)°, V = 1286.0 (7) ?³ and Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct methods with a conventional R (on F) = 0.050 for 4534 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). The compound is isomorphous with the Cd analogue (in Harvey et al. Aust J Chem 54:307, 2001). An eventual dependence of conformation and coordination mode of the peroxodisulfate anion on the ancillary organic ligand taking part in the coordination compounds analyzed is discussed.