全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10708篇 |
免费 | 1898篇 |
国内免费 | 1251篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7728篇 |
晶体学 | 65篇 |
力学 | 656篇 |
综合类 | 77篇 |
数学 | 1067篇 |
物理学 | 4264篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 43篇 |
2023年 | 277篇 |
2022年 | 384篇 |
2021年 | 440篇 |
2020年 | 483篇 |
2019年 | 428篇 |
2018年 | 353篇 |
2017年 | 300篇 |
2016年 | 525篇 |
2015年 | 465篇 |
2014年 | 564篇 |
2013年 | 802篇 |
2012年 | 986篇 |
2011年 | 971篇 |
2010年 | 639篇 |
2009年 | 632篇 |
2008年 | 708篇 |
2007年 | 622篇 |
2006年 | 546篇 |
2005年 | 477篇 |
2004年 | 365篇 |
2003年 | 325篇 |
2002年 | 272篇 |
2001年 | 216篇 |
2000年 | 213篇 |
1999年 | 253篇 |
1998年 | 213篇 |
1997年 | 191篇 |
1996年 | 205篇 |
1995年 | 175篇 |
1994年 | 142篇 |
1993年 | 124篇 |
1992年 | 102篇 |
1991年 | 74篇 |
1990年 | 84篇 |
1989年 | 56篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 44篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
831.
Dr. Yaqi Jiang Yanyan Jia Jiawei Zhang Lei Zhang Huang Huang Prof. Dr. Zhaoxiong Xie Prof. Dr. Lansun Zheng 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(9):3119-3124
Pt? Cu alloy octahedral nanocrystals (NCs) have been synthesized successfully by using N,N‐dimethylformamide as both the solvent and the reducing agent in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride. Cu underpotential deposition (UPD) is found to play a key role in the formation of the Pt? Cu alloy NCs. The composition in the Pt? Cu alloy can be tuned by adjusting the ratio of metal precursors in solution. However, the Cu content in the Pt? Cu alloy NCs cannot exceed 50 %. Due to the fact that Cu precursor cannot be reduced to metallic copper and the Cu content cannot exceed 50 %, we achieved the formation of the Pt? Cu alloy by using Cu UPD on the Pt surface. In addition, the catalytic activities of Pt? Cu alloy NCs with different composition were investigated in electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. The results reveal that the catalytic performance is strongly dependent on Pt? Cu alloy composition. The sample of Pt50Cu50 exhibits excellent activity in electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. 相似文献
832.
ZheLi DangLi WeiHuang KechangXie 《天然气化学杂志》2005,14(2):115-118
The Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Cu/Mo ratios were prepared by wet impregnation method, and their catalytic performance for selective catalytic reduction of NOx was studied. The results showed that Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 is a very effective catalyst for NOx catalytic reduction with ammonia, especially when Cu/Mo molar ratio is about 1.5. It not only exhibited the extremely high catalytic activity, but also showed good stability for 02. The bulk phase structure of Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts was determined by XRD technique, and the results indicated that there is a maximum dispersion for Cu species when Cu/Mo molar ratio is 1.5, and an interaction between Cu and Mo along with HZSM-5 may be present in Cu-Mo/ZSM-5, which may possibly result in a special structure favorable for the catalytic reduction of NOx over Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. 相似文献
833.
Dispersion of copper(Ⅱ) phthalocyanine (CuPc), copper(Ⅱ) phthalocyaninesulfonate (CuPcS) and cobalt(Ⅱ)phthalocyaninetetrasulfonate (CoPcTS) on the surface of titanium dioxide was investigated by XRD, XPS, FT-IR and UV-Vis techniques. Results show that interaction between CuPc and TiO2 was very weak and CuPc was difficult to disperse on the surface of the support. While partly sulfurized CuPcS could be dispersed on the surface of support through sulfo-groups and its dispersion capacity was determined to be 0.085 g CuPcS/g TiO2. Completely sulfurlzed CoPcTS could also be dispersed on the surface of TiO2 as a monolayer and its dispersion capacity was 0.12 g CoPcTS/g TiO2. Interactions of the sulfo-groups as well as the electrons of CoPcTS with the surface of TiO2 could be evidenced by FT-IR characterization. Therefore, it was suggested that CoPcTS molecules be adsorbed on the surface of TiO2 in a flat-lying mode while CuPcS in a slanting one. UV-Vis spectra show that the dispersed CuPcS and CoPcTS molecules exist in both forms of monomers and dimers. 相似文献
834.
Synthesis and characterization of highly luminescent CdSe-core CdS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnS multishell nanocrystals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report on the preparation and structural characterization of CdSe nanocrystals, which are covered by a multishell structure from CdS and ZnS. By using the newly developed successive ion layer adhesion and reaction (SILAR) technique, we could gradually change the shell composition from CdS to ZnS in the radial direction. Because of the stepwise adjustment of the lattice parameters in the radial direction, the resulting nanocrystals show a high crystallinity and are almost perfectly spherical, as was investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Also, due to the radial increase of the respective valence- and conduction-band offsets, the nanocrystals are well electronically passivated. This leads to a high fluorescence quantum yield of 70-85% for the amine terminated multishell particles in organic solvents and a quantum yield of up to 50% for mercapto propionic acid-covered particles in water. Finally, we present experimental results that substantiate the superior photochemical and colloidal stability of the multishell particles. 相似文献
835.
Synthesis and cofluorescence of Eu(Y) complexes with salicylic acid and o-phenanthroline 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xu CJ Xie F Guo XZ Yang H 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2005,61(9):2005-2008
A series of dinuclear complexes of salicylic acid (HSal) and o-phenanthroline (Phen) with different molar ratios of Eu3+ to Y3+ have been synthesized. Their compositions are Eu(x)Y(1-x) (Sal)3(Phen) (x = 0 to approximately 1). Their UV spectra, IR spectra, and fluorescence spectra were studied. The UV spectra of the complexes reflect essentially absorption of the ligands for the fact that no obvious change of wavelength and band shape is found between the spectra of the complexes and that of the ligands except slight red shift. The IR absorption spectra indicate that salicylic acid is coordinated to the rare earth ions and chemical bonds are formed between rare earth ions and nitrogen atoms of o-phenanthroline. The fluorescence spectra of the complexes indicate that the fluorescence emission intensity of europium ion was enhanced by the addition of Y3+, which is referred to as cofluorescence. These facts show that not only the ligands but also the yttrium complex can transfer the absorbed energy to Eu3+ ion in the complexes. Formation of polynuclear complexes appears to be responsible for cofluorescence. 相似文献
836.
Qing-Song Ye Xi-Zhu Chen Ming-Jin Xie Wei-Ping Liu Jia-Lin Chen Zai-Fu Pan 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2010,35(5):585-590
Dirhodium tetraoctanoate (1), without any exogenous axial ligands, has been obtained in crystalline form by slow evaporation from ethanol. The molecules
are linked by axially ligating each other to form infinite chains, which is similar to the only other two structurally characterized
rhodium(II) carboxylates, Rh2(O2CCF3)4 and Rh2(O2CC3H7)4, which also lack exogenous axial ligands. The infinite chains of 1 are cleaved by strong donor solvents such as pyridine to produce the corresponding pyridine adduct (2). Both the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR and NMR spectra. 相似文献
837.
以L-赖氨酸、乙二胺和端羧基聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料合成一种带聚乙二醇侧链的二元胺扩链剂(Lys-NH-PEG),然后以4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和Lys-NH-PEG为硬段,聚碳酸酯二醇(PCD)为软段,制备一种含端羧基聚乙二醇侧链的梳形聚氨酯.对所合成聚氨酯材料进行傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氢核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测试,测试结果表明得到了目标聚合物.该聚合物能在水中形成胶体,并能化学接枝白蛋白,表明所合成的聚氨酯的PEG侧链端羧基具有反应活性.这种具有可反应性的聚氨酯为进一步接枝生物分子以提高生物相容性提供了广阔的空间. 相似文献
838.
Qilong Xie Shuhui Liu Yingying Fan Jianzhi Sun Xiaoke Zhang 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(18):4563-4569
A selective and low organic-solvent-consuming method of sample preparation combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection is introduced for analysis of phthalic acid esters in edible oils. Sample treatment involves initial liquid–liquid partitioning with acetonitrile, then QuEChERS cleanup by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine as sorbent. Preconcentration of the analytes is performed by ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, with the cleaned-up extract as disperser solvent and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as extraction solvent. Under the optimized conditions, correlation coefficients (r) were 0.998–0.999 and standard errors (S y/x ) were 2.67–3.37?×?103 for calibration curves in the range 50–1000 ng g?1. Detection limits, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, ranged from 6 to 9 ng g?1. Intra-day and inter-day repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, were in the ranges 1.0–6.9 % and 2.4–9.4 %, respectively. Recovery varied between 84 % and 106 %. The developed method was successfully used for analysis of the analytes in 28 edible oils. The dibutyl phthalate content of four of the 28 samples (14 %) exceeded the specific migration limit established by domestic and international regulations. Figure
? 相似文献
839.
Hierarchical Mesoporous SnO Microspheres as High Capacity Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries 下载免费PDF全文
Dawei Su Xiuqiang Xie Prof. Guoxiu Wang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(11):3192-3197
Mesoporous SnO microspheres were synthesised by a hydrothermal method using NaSO4 as the morphology directing agent. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses showed that SnO microspheres consist of nanosheets with a thickness of about 20 nm. Each nanosheet contains a mesoporous structure with a pore size of approximately 5 nm. When applied as anode materials in Na‐ion batteries, SnO microspheres exhibited high reversible sodium storage capacity, good cyclability and a satisfactory high rate performance. Through ex situ XRD analysis, it was found that Na+ ions first insert themselves into SnO crystals, and then react with SnO to generate crystalline Sn, followed by Na–Sn alloying with the formation of crystalline NaSn2 phase. During the charge process, there are two slopes corresponding to the de‐alloying of Na–Sn compounds and oxidisation of Sn, respectively. The high sodium storage capacity and good electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the unique hierarchical mesoporous architecture of SnO microspheres. 相似文献
840.
Wenjing Sun Li Luo Yushuo Feng Yuting Cai Yixi Zhuang Rong‐Jun Xie Xiaoyuan Chen Hongmin Chen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(25):9914-9921
The use of gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizers is an effective way to boost the killing efficacy of radiotherapy while drastically limiting the received dose and reducing the possible damage to normal tissues. Herein, we designed aggregation‐induced emission gold clustoluminogens (AIE‐Au) to achieve efficient low‐dose X‐ray‐induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) with negligible side effects. The aggregates of glutathione‐protected gold clusters (GCs) assembled through a cationic polymer enhanced the X‐ray‐excited luminescence by 5.2‐fold. Under low‐dose X‐ray irradiation, AIE‐Au strongly absorbed X‐rays and efficiently generated hydroxyl radicals, which enhanced the radiotherapy effect. Additionally, X‐ray‐induced luminescence excited the conjugated photosensitizers, resulting in a PDT effect. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that AIE‐Au effectively triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species with an order‐of‐magnitude reduction in the X‐ray dose, enabling highly effective cancer treatment. 相似文献