Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis by allele-specific extension of fluorescently labeled nucleotides in a microfluidic flow-through device

We describe a microfluidic approach for allele-specific extension of fluorescently labeled nucleotides for scoring of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The method takes advantage of the fact that the reaction kinetics differs between matched and mismatched configurations of allele-specific primers hybridized to DNA template. A microfluidic flow-through device for biochemical reactions on beads was used to take advantage of the reaction kinetics to increase the sequence specificity of the DNA polymerase, discriminating mismatched configurations from matched. The volume of the reaction chamber was 12.5 nL. All three possible variants of an SNP site at codon 72 of the p53 gene were scored using our approach. This work demonstrates the possibility of scoring SNP by allele-specific extension of fluorescently labeled nucleotides in a microfluidic flow-through device. The sensitive detection system and easy microfabrication of the microfluidic device enable further miniaturization and production of an array format of microfluidic devices for high-throughput SNP analysis.     

Surfactant mediated synthesis of spherical binary oxides photocatalytic with enhanced activity in visible light

Spherical silica and zirconia mixed titania and pure titania samples were prepared in presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) through controlled hydrolysis of corresponding metal alcoxides. Effect of surfactant amount and calcinations temperature on morphology, surface area and photocatalytic activity is studied using PXRD, SEM, FTIR, Solid state UV-vis spectroscopy and BET surface area. It is well observed that in presence of 2 mol% CTAB, uniform sized spherical oxide particles can be synthesized. However, increasing or decreasing the surfactant amount does not favor the spherical particle formation. Material synthesis in presence of CTAB not only helps in the spherical particle formation but also increases the surface area and visible light absorption. Studies on photocatalytic lead removal with respect to calcination temperature indicate that the calcination at 500 degrees C is most suitable for the best photocatalytic activity. Mixing of zirconia and silica helps in anatase phase stabilization even at 900 degrees C calcination. Accordingly low decrease in surface area even at 900 degrees C calcination is observed. Due to the phase stabilization and higher surface area binary oxide materials showed comparatively better photocatalytic activity even after calcination at 900 degrees C. So it can be concluded that present synthesis approach can produce uniform sized spherical binary oxide materials with better photocatalytic activity in visible light.     

基于边界积分法的气泡动态特性综述

近年来,边界积分法(boundary integral method,BIM)被普遍应用于气泡动力学模拟,本文综述了边界积分法及其相关技术在气泡动力学特性模拟中的应用与发展.首先,讨论了气泡的重要性及边界积分法的应用;其次,讨论了气泡动态特性的数值模拟,从射流冲击前的单连通域到射流冲击后的环状气泡即双连通域的发展过程,其中包括轴对称模型和三维模型;再次,讨论了气泡运动数值模拟过程中的两种关键技术;最后,综述了近边界气泡的研究进展,并在上述基础上提出了一些尚需进一步解决的问题.      

The Effects of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Insulin Treatment on Carnitine Biosynthesis and Renal Excretion

Carnitine insufficiency is reported in type 1 diabetes mellitus. To determine whether this is accompanied by defects in biosynthesis and/or renal uptake, liver and kidney were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetic rats exhibited the metabolic consequences of type 1 diabetes, including hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and increased urine output. Systemic hypocarnitinemia, expressed as free carnitine levels, was evident in the plasma, liver, and kidney of diabetic rats. Compared to control rats, the low free carnitine in the plasma of diabetic rats was accompanied by decreased expression of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase in liver and kidney, suggesting impaired carnitine biosynthesis. Expression of organic cation transporter-2 in kidney was also reduced, indicating impaired renal reabsorption, and confirmed by the presence of elevated levels of free carnitine in the urine of diabetic rats. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats reversed the plasma hypocarnitinemia, increased the free carnitine content in both kidney and liver, and prevented urinary losses of free carnitine. This was associated with increased expression of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase and organic cation transporter-2. The results of our study indicate that type 1 diabetes induced with streptozotocin disrupts carnitine biosynthesis and renal uptake mechanisms, leading to carnitine insufficiency. These aberrations in carnitine homeostasis are prevented with daily insulin treatment.     

水中高压脉动气泡水射流形成机理及载荷特性研究

具有脉动特性的气泡(如水下爆炸气泡、螺旋桨空泡和气枪气泡)动力学行为很大程度上取决于其边界条件. 实验已证实,近自由液面气泡在坍塌过程中常常产生背离自由液面的水射流现象,而近刚性边界气泡在坍塌阶段产生朝向壁面的高速水射流,严重威胁水中结构的局部强度. 前人基于 Rayleigh-Plesset 气泡理论和 “Bjerknes” 力来预测气泡射流方向,然而理论方法难以透彻的揭示气泡射流的初生、发展和砰击过程中丰富的力学机理. 本文首先采用水下高压放电技术产生气泡,并通过高速摄影对不同边界条件下气泡的运动特性进行实验研究. 然后,采用边界积分法模拟气泡非球状坍塌过程. 研究表明,边界条件改变了气泡周围的流场压力梯度方向,进而影响气泡射流初生位置;射流在发展阶段,气泡附近流场的局部高压区和射流之间存在“正反馈效应”,从而揭示了气泡射流速度在短时间内即可增加到百米每秒的力学机理. 射流砰击会在流场中造成局部高压区,随着气泡回弹,射流速度和砰击压力逐渐减小. 本文还探讨了无量纲距离参数对气泡运动及射流砰击载荷的影响,旨为近场水下爆炸等相关领域提供参考.      

近自由面的多个水下爆炸气泡相互作用研究

将气泡运动阶段周围的流场假设为无黏、无旋、不可压缩的理想流体,运用边界积分法模拟流场中气泡的运动,并开发了三维计算程序,计算值与实验值吻合较好.用该方法模拟了近自由面多气泡之间的相互作用,包括同相气泡和异相气泡. 通过计算发现,气泡的周期随两气泡中心的距离减小而增大,这是由于多气泡之间存在抑制作用,特别是对异相气泡,这种抑制作用更加明显,称之为多气泡之间的抑制效应. 无论有、无自由面存在,多气泡之间均存在抑制效应,由于抑制效应导致同相与异相气泡相互耦合作用的动态特性存在巨大的差异,这些现象可为将来研究多个同时或延时产生的水下爆炸气泡的威力提供参考.      

溶剂热法合成花状Ni磁性粉体及表征

采用一种简单的溶剂热发成功的合成了花状的Ni磁性粉体.所得样品的物相用X射线衍射(XRD)仪表征,形貌通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观测,磁性用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试.结果表明产品为面心立方结构(fcc)的镍单质,形貌为花状,每个花的直径约为2～5μm之间.样品在室温下表现出铁磁性,饱和磁化强度(Ms)为52.9emu/g,剩磁(Mr)为14.25 emu/g,矫顽力(Hc)为140 Oe.     

不同环境下气泡脉动特性实验研究

水下爆炸气泡对舰船结构造成严重的毁伤, 海上实船爆炸实验是考核水下爆炸气泡对舰船毁伤威力最直接、最有效的方法, 然而真实情况的舰船水下爆炸实验难以进行.为此, 在已有研究成果的基础上, 设计实验电路, 利用电容在相对较低的电压下放电打火产生的电火花气泡来模拟水下爆炸气泡, 设计多组实验工况来模拟气泡在不同环境下的运动特性. 研究气泡在不同环境下的脉动特性、射流特征, 揭示一些特殊的实验现象, 总结环境对气泡运动的影响规律.      

Dust ion‐acoustic solitons with trapped q‐non‐extensive electrons,dissipative processes,and streaming ions

The characteristics of dust ion‐acoustic waves (DIAWs) that are excited because of streaming ions and hot q‐non‐extensive electrons obeying a vortex‐like distribution are investigated. By exploiting a pseudo‐potential technique, we have derived an energy integral equation. The presence of non‐extensive q‐distributed hot trapped electrons and a streaming ion beam has been shown to influence soliton structure quite significantly. The evolution of the soliton‐like perturbations in complex plasmas, taking into account the dissipation processes, are also investigated, obtained by numerically solving the modified Schamel, equation whose widths are dependant on electron trapping efficiency β. Our illustrations indicate that compressive DIAWs develop in this plasma. As the plasmas in reality have a relative flow, such an analysis can be used to understand the DIA solitary structures observed in the mesospheric noctilucent clouds.     

离心机水下爆炸缩比实验原理及数值研究

对离心机水下爆炸缩比实验方法进行探究,对离心机水下爆炸缩比实验的相似理论进行了推导,通过数值计算分析,探究了原模型、离心机缩比实验及常规缩比实验的冲击波载荷、气泡载荷以及气泡动力学行为。结果表明:常规缩比实验不能对气泡行为及垂直方向的近场载荷进行准确的预报,若要保证远场气泡脉冲峰值误差小于10%,则爆距需大于9.5倍气泡最大半径。而离心机缩比实验能够对原模型进行准确的预报,以小当量装药模拟大当量装药水下爆炸整个物理过程,且冲击波和气泡两个阶段完全相似。同时,水深也可以进行几何缩比,克服了常规缩比方法的缺陷。