Ground water recharge in Western Uttar Pradesh

The downward movement of water in the soil due to 1971 monsoon precipitation and supplemental surface irrigation has been traced at about forty-five sites in Western Uttar Pradesh, using a thin layer of moisture tagged with tritiated water. The tritiated layer was found to move down to different depths at different sites. The movement, averaged over the forty sites is found to be 96 cm, indicating that the average recharge for the year 1971 (a year of normal monsoon) was 21.5 cm of water.     

Temperature dependence of second order Raman spectra of rubidium iodide crystal

The temperature variation of the second order Raman spectra of RbI has been theoretically studied in three basic symmetries on the basis of the modified Born and Bradburn theory. The phonon frequencies and corresponding eigenvectors have been determined at the room temperature by employing a three body force shell model. It has been assumed that the major factor which governs the temperature dependence of Raman intensity is the occupation number and the changes in the phonon eigen data and the polarizability parameters with temperature have been ignored. Calculations have been made at three temperatures namely, 300,90 and 23 K and the theoretical results have been compared to the experimental Raman spectra.     

Analysis of τ-mesons

We describe in this paper measurements made on the decay products of 11 τ-mesons observed in large nuclear emulsion block detectors. Out of the 33 charged decay products; 27 have been arrested in the block, and were identified as π-mesons. The charge of the τ-meson was found to be positive in 6 cases. In one case the charge of the τ-meson is possibly negative and in 4 cases it could not be determined. Omitting one τ-meson in which a high energy γ-ray is emitted and which has been reported earlier¹ the weighted mean Q-value of the remaining 10 τ-mesons is:

$$Q_\tau = 76 \cdot 3 \pm 0 \cdot 3 MeV$$     

A novel approach for protein identification from complex cell proteome using modified peptide mass fingerprinting algorithm

A unique peptide based search algorithm for identification of protein mixture using PMF is proposed. The proposed search algorithm utilizes binary search and heapsort programs to generate frequency chart depicting the unique peptides corresponding to all proteins in a proteome. The use of binary search program significantly reduces the time for frequency chart preparation to ～2 s for a proteome comprising ～23 000 proteins. The algorithm was applied to a three‐protein mixture identification, host cell protein (HCP) analysis, and a simulation‐generated data set. It was found that the algorithm could identify at least one unique peptide of a protein even in the presence of fourfold higher concentration of another protein. In addition, two HCPs that are known to be difficult to remove were missed by MS/MS approach and were exclusively identified using the presented algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm when used along with standard proteomic approaches present avenues for enhanced protein identification efficiency, particularly for applications such as HCP analysis in biopharmaceutical research, where identification of low‐abundance proteins are generally not achieved due to dynamic range limitations between the target product and HCPs.     

Wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator

In this paper, we implement a wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (JTC) for real-time target recognition applications. In real-time situation the input scene is captured using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The obtained joint power spectrum is multiplied by a pre-synthesized fringe-adjusted filter and the resultant function is processed with an appropriately scaled wavelet filter. Three performance measure parameters: correlation peak intensity, peak-to-sidelobe ratio, and signal-to-clutter ratio have been calculated for fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (FJTC) and wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (WFJTC). The WFJTC has been found to yield better results in comparison to conventional FJTC. To suppress the undesired strong dc, the resultant function is differentiated. Differential processing wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint power spectrum removes the zero-order spectra and hence improves the detection efficiency. To focus the correlation terms in different planes in order to capture one of the desired autocorrelation peaks and discard the strong dc and another autocorrelation peak, chirp-encoding technique has also been applied. Targets with Gaussian and speckle noise have also been used to check the correlation outputs. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented.     

Tuning density profiles and mobility of inhomogeneous fluids

Density profiles are the most common measure of inhomogeneous structure in confined fluids, but their connection to transport coefficients is poorly understood. We explore via simulation how tuning particle-wall interactions to flatten or enhance the particle layering of a model confined fluid impacts its self-diffusivity, viscosity, and entropy. Interestingly, interactions that eliminate particle layering significantly reduce confined fluid mobility, whereas those that enhance layering can have the opposite effect. Excess entropy helps to understand and predict these trends.     

A Catalyst and Solvent Free Route for the Synthesis of N-Substituted Pyrrolidones from Levulinic Acid

An efficient, metal-free, catalyst-free and solvent-free methodology for the reductive amination of levulinic acid with different anilines has been developed using HBpin as the reducing reagent. This protocol offers an excellent method to avoid solvents and added catalysts on the synthesis of different kinds of N-substituted pyrrolidones under metal free conditions. It is also the first report for the synthesis of different pyrrolidones by solvent-free as well as catalyst-free methods. The proposed mechanism for the formation of pyrrolidone has been supported by DFT calculations and control experiments.     

Differential content of secondary metabolites in diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Siegesbeckia orientalis L.

Siegesbeckia orientalis L. is an annual herb widely distributed throughout the world and has many medicinal properties. In Chinese traditional system, it is popularly known as Xi-Xian and used for its anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, two cytotypes (diploid and tetraploid) have been investigated for their secondary metabolites. The different plant parts have been explored in terms of total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging acitivity and total antioxidant capacity. Out of different plant parts, leaves have the maximum amount of secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential. HPTLC technique has been applied to quantify six marker compounds in the two cytotypes. Tetraploid cytotype has been compared with diploid cytotype, which shows that tetraploid has the maximum amount of studied secondary metabolites with high antioxidant potential.     

Strong Law of Large Numbers for Betti Numbers in the Thermodynamic Regime

Journal of Statistical Physics - We establish the strong law of large numbers for Betti numbers of random ?ech complexes built on $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$ -valued binomial point processes and...     

Experimental study of bubble departure characteristics in forced convective subcooled nucleate boiling

Visualization experiments in upward forced convective nucleate boiling flows were carried out. The bubble growth and collapse have been measured using high-speed photography technique with distilled water under atmospheric pressure. The experiments show that the bubbles depart from nucleating sites shortly after nucleation and slide along the heater surface. The bubbles grow while sliding, attain a maximum size, then lift from the surface sometime during condensation, and quickly vanish in the bulk liquid. Parametric studies show that bubble diameter and departure frequency increases with an increase in heat flux, a decrease in subcooling, and a decrease in mass flux.