Effect of silver nanoparticles concentration on the metal enhancement and quenching of ciprofloxacin fluorescence intensity

Concentration effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the photophysical properties of ciprofloxacin (Cip) have been investigated using optical absorption and fluorescence techniques. When performed AgNPs solution was added to the Cip solution, metal-enhanced fluorescence intensity and a blue-shift of 20 nm in the maximum emission spectra of Cip has been observed. The enhanced intensity of this system is strongly dependent on the AgNPs concentration and largest at the 6.0 × 10^?6 mol L^?1. With increase of AgNPs concentration, quenching of fluorescence is observed. Stern–Volmer quenching constants have been calculated at four temperatures. The results show the quenching constants are directly correlated with temperature. It indicates the quenching mechanism is the dynamic quenching in nature rather than static quenching. From which we determined the activation energy for the quenching of Cip-AgNPs to be about 31.1 kJ mol^?1. In addition, in the presence of optimum AgNPs concentration, a sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of ciprofloxacin at the range 5.0 × 10^?7–3.0 × 10^?5 mol L^?1 and the detection limit of 2 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 in solution is proposed.     

Synthesis and molecular modeling study of Cu(Ⅱ) complexes derived from 2-(diphenylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives with cholinesterase inhibitory activities

Thiosemicarbazones of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone and 3-aminobenzophenone（L¹-L⁴） have been synthesized and their Cu（Ⅱ） complexes（1-4） were afforded via coordination with cupric chloride.All these compounds were characterized by UV-vis and IR spectroscopy together with CHN elemental analysis.NMR spectroscopy was also applied to characterize the ligands.In vitro chohnesterase inhibitory assays for the complexes（1-4） showed IC₅₀ values less than 10μmol/L,with complex 1 exhibiting the most activity,IC₅₀=2.15μmol/L and 2.16μmol/L for AChE and BuChE,respectively. Molecular modeling simulation revealed the binding interaction template for complex 1 with the AChE and BuChE receptors.In DPPH assay,the complexes also showed more in vitro antioxidant activities in comparison to their parent ligands.     

Theoretical studies on tautomerism of imidazole-2-selenone

The tautomerism of all possible forms of imidazole selenone (ISe1–ISe6), induced by proton transfer was studied theoretically in different environments including gas phase, continuum solvent, and microhydrated environment with one explicit water molecule. The calculations were performed at the MP2 and CAM-B3LYP levels of theory, separately. It was found that the imidazole selenone, in the form of ISe3, is the most stable isomer in both gas phase and solvent. The activation energy for conversion of ISe3 to imidazole selenol (ISe6), as the second stable form, is 41.72 and 43.0 kcal/mol in the gas phase and water, respectively. The infrared spectral frequencies as well as the vibrational frequency shifts were reported and assigned to their corresponding vibrational modes. In addition, the variation of dipole moments and charges on the atoms with change of solvent was studied. The energies of HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO–LUMO gap were calculated in both gas phase and solvent. Specific solvent effects with addition of water molecule near the electrophilic centers of tautomers and the transition states of proton transfer, assisted by water molecule, were investigated. It was found that the water molecule can form different hydrogen bonds with the molecule. Aggregation of the isomers with water molecule does not change the order of stability of isomers, but proton transfer reaction assisted by a water molecule needs less energy than when the proton shifts through the intramolecular process.     

Modified dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pre-concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes prior to their determination by GC

We have developed a modified method for the extraction and preconcentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in aqueous samples. It based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction along with solidification of floating organic microdrops. The dispersion of microvolumes of an extracting solvent into the aqueous occurs without dispersive solvent. Various parameters have been optimized. BTEX were quantified via GC with FID detection. Under optimized conditions, the preconcentration factors range from 301 to 514, extraction efficiencies from 60 to 103 %, repeatabilities from 2.2 to 4.1 %, and intermediate precisions from 3.5 to 7.0 %. The relative recovery for each analyte in water samples at three spiking levels is >85.6 %, with a relative standard deviation of <7.4 %.

Fabrication and characterization of low-cost freeze-gelated chitosan/collagen/hydroxyapatite hydrogel nanocomposite scaffold

In the present research, chitosan/collagen and chitosan/collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) hydrogel nanocomposites were prepared using naturally extracted chitosan from Persian Gulf shrimp wastes and rat tail-tendon collagen. Freeze-gelation method was used to prepare highly porous scaffolds. The morphology, chemical structure, water retainability, and thermal properties were characterized using SEM, FTIR, water content experiment, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation and unconfined compression test were used to assess different feature of the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The obtained results were so promising that the prepared nanocomposites can be considered as a potential candidate for cartilage tissue engineering.     

Dual Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloaromatization of Unconjugated (E)‐Enediynes

A synthesis of unconjugated (E)‐enediynes from allenyl amino alcohols is reported and their gold‐catalyzed cascade cycloaromatization to a broad range of enantioenriched substituted isoindolinones has been developed. Experimental and computational studies support the reaction proceeding via a dual‐gold σ,π‐activation mode, involving a key gold‐vinylidene‐ and allenyl‐gold‐containing intermediate.     

Determination of acidic drugs in biological and environmental matrices by membrane‐based dual emulsification liquid‐phase microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography

A simple method is introduced providing a highly clean microextraction for the determination of some anti‐inflammatory drugs as the model analytes in human urine and environmental matrices. This method is based upon the implementation of two consecutive emulsification liquid‐phase microextractions, which are separated by a syringe filtration step. In this method, the organic extraction solvent (dihexyl ether) is dispersed into the aqueous sample solution (20 mL), and the resulting cloudy mixture is passed through a hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene syringe filter. By this action, the extraction phase containing the analytes and many interfering species that could be transferred into the organic phase is retained behind the hydrophilic membrane. The filter is then detached from the syringe and attached to another syringe containing an aqueous solution (pH 12.0, 150 μL), and by the in‐syringe dispersion of the organic phase into the aqueous phase, the analytes are selectively back‐extracted into the aqueous phase. The developed method is centrifuge‐free and very simple, and provides a high sample clean‐up in a few minutes. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the developed method provided a linearity in the range of 2.0–2000 ng/mL, a low limit of detection (0.5 ng/mL), and enrichment factors of 47–53.     

Selective and mild oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by H_2O_2 using DBUH-Br_3 as catalyst

<正>DBUH-Br_3 catalyzed selective conversion of sulfides to sulfoxides in the presence of H_2O_2 as oxidizing agent is described.The reaction was performed selectively at room temperature and relatively short reaction times.     

Prediction of sound velocity and compressibility via molecular simulation at fixed entropy

A molecular-level simulation route is proposed to compute the isentropic thermodynamic properties in a fluid system by Monte Carlo simulation at fixed entropy. The method involves computation of the pressure response of a system to an infinitesimal change in system density by introduction of a single molecule, while retaining the system volume as well as the absolute molar entropy. The probability for accepting a change in temperature during the Monte Carlo moves was weighted against the argument proposed by Smith et al. [W.R. Smith, M. Lísal, I. Nezbeda, Chem. Phys. Lett. 426 (2006) 436–440]. Application to fluid argon has confirmed superior accuracy for the technique within the gas state to yield results within 1.2% of the measured values for the range of thermodynamic conditions investigated.