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151.
Two kinds of vertical cooperative advertising program are considered in a distribution channel constituted by a manufacturer and a retailer, where the manufacturer pays part of
the retailer’s advertising costs. In the first participation scheme, the manufacturer chooses his/her advertising participation
rate in the retailer’s advertising effort and then each player determines the advertising effort that maximizes his/her profit.
In the second scheme, the retailer chooses the manufacturer’s participation rate and then the manufacturer determines the
advertising efforts of both players with the objective of maximizing the manufacturer’s profit. Each participation scheme
corresponds to a special Stackelberg game: the manufacturer is the leader of the first, while the retailer is the leader of
the second. The Stackelberg equilibrium advertising efforts and participation rate in both games are provided. Then the equilibrium
strategies of the two players in the analyzed scenarios are compared with the Nash equilibrium in the competitive framework.
Finally, the conditions which suggest a special kind of agreement to a player are analyzed.
This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research and the University of Padua. 相似文献
152.
Giuseppe Cremonesi Piero Dalla Croce Alessandra Forni Maddalena Gallanti Raffaella Gandolfi Concetta La Rosa 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2009,20(16):1940-1947
Enantiomerically pure (5R)-(?)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was obtained via enzymatic resolution of the corresponding racemic mixture using a lipase from hog pancreas (PPL). The following reduction of the ester group to the corresponding alcohol and the oxidation of the latter led to (5R)-(?)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carbaldehyde, and the reaction between this and Schöllkopf’s reagent, (2R)-(+)-2,5-dihydro-3,6-dimethoxy-2-isopropylpyrazine, gave mixtures of adducts with a good syn/anti ratio. The steric configurations of the major diastereoisomer were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and X-ray analysis. The subsequent controlled hydrolysis of the pyrazine ring led to β-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-serine methyl esters and the corresponding dipeptides with (R)-valine. Finally, reductive cleavage of the 4,5-dihydroisoxazole ring under hydrolytic conditions made it possible to obtain the corresponding polyfunctionalised dipeptides. 相似文献
153.
Riassunto In questa nota gli Autori stabiliscono dei principi variazionali che caratterizzano in maniera completa il più generale problema
ai limiti sia della statica sia della dinamica di una miscela isotropa di due solidi elastici lineari. Questi principi sono
del tutto generali poichè non si richiede agli stati o processi ammissibili di soddisfare ad alcuna delle equazioni di campo
e delle condizioni iniziali o al contorno. Tale risultato viene ottenuto esprimendo i problemi considerati in forma operazionale.
Il lavoro è stato eseguito nell’ambito del Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica del C.N.R. 相似文献
Summary In this paper the Authors establish variational principles which characterize the most general boundary-value problem for statics and dynamics of an isotropic mixture of two linear elastic solids. These principles are completely general because the admissible states or processes are not required to meet any of the field equations, boundary or initial conditions and they are obtained by expressing the problems in operator form.
Il lavoro è stato eseguito nell’ambito del Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica del C.N.R. 相似文献
154.
155.
Giulia Caron Alessandra Pagliara Patrick Gaillard Pierre-Alain Carrupt Bernard Testa 《Helvetica chimica acta》1996,79(6):1683-1695
Azapropazone ( 1 ) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) whose chemical structure is markedly different from that of other agents in this class and challenges our understanding of structure-activity and structure-permeation relationships. Using a variety of experimental and computational techniques, we studied 1 for its molecular structure in the gas phase and non-protic polar solvents, protonation/deprotonation equilibra, tautomerism, and pH-lipophilicity profiles (octan-1-ol/H2O and dodecane/H2O). Other NSAIDs and model compounds were also examined for comparison. Due to its very low acidic pKa1, 1 exists in the physiological pH range as a zwitterion and as an anion. Some pharmacological implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
156.
In this work the separation of eighteen flavonoids was attempted using reduced-flow micellar elektrokinetic chromatography (RF-MEKC) electrolytes modified by selected solvents with differing properties: methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Structural aspects such as unsaturation of the C ring, number and position of OH groups, methylation and glycosylation as well as solvent effects and their impact on the electrophoretic behavior of flavonoids were addressed. By evaluating the electropherograms obtained from mixture-designed electrolytes and searching for changes in the critical pairs, a favorable separation condition was achieved using 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 50 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 15% ACN and 5% THF (one critical pair) in less than 12 min with 1.5% coefficient of variation (CV) for retention factor and 3% CV for peak area (n = 5). The applicability of the proposed separation condition was demonstrated by the inspection of flavonoids in herbal extracts of Neem. 相似文献
157.
Caputo B Dani FR Horne GL Petrarca V Turillazzi S Coluzzi M Priestman AA della Torre A 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2005,40(12):1595-1604
Forty-eight cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from the epicuticular surface of the major Afrotropical malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The hydrocarbons identified were 14 n-alkanes, 16 monomethyl alkanes, 13 dimethyl alkanes, 5 alkenes, with main-chain lengths ranging from C(17) to C(47), and the results are consistent with those from other Culicidae species. Qualitative differences were not observed between laboratory pools of three females and males, between different age-groups (0-16 days) and between single field specimens, whereas quantitative differences in CHC profiles were observed. Differences between sexes were more marked in individuals aged 0-2 days than in older ones. Both sexes undergo strong CHC profile changes with age, and individuals aged 0-2 days differ remarkably from the older ones. The possibility of exploiting these changes for estimating the age of mosquito was explored through multivariate analyses of the relative abundance of the compounds, using either the whole CHC profile or a subset of CHCs. Such a method allows us to assign more than 85% of females and 75% of males to the correct age-group. Although preliminary, these results show that the method is promising, as it has already been shown in Aedes aegypti and An. stephensi. The correct determination of the vector age (particularly in the case of the An. gambiae complex of sibling species) provides valuable information in malaria epidemiology and in evaluation of the effectiveness of vector control strategies. Further efforts will be made to validate this method on single specimens reared in seminatural conditions before being proposed to medical entomologists working in the Afrotropical region. 相似文献
158.
159.
Alessandra Borrelli 《Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara》1979,25(1):157-167
Riassunto In questa nota si affrontano alcune questioni di esistenza e unicità della soluzione classica del problema del moto stazionario
di un fluido omogeneo, incomprimibile, perfetto, elettricamente condutore attorno ad un ostacolo dielettrico e scarico in
un punto del quale è situato un dipolo magnetico. Precisamente, si dimostra dapprima che, nel caso in cui il fluido abbia
conduttività finita, il problema suddetto non ammette soluzione se al campo cinetico e al campo magnetico sono imposte condizioni
all'infinito alquanto restrittive. Si dimostra poi che opportune ipotesi all'infinito assicurano l'esistenza e l'unicità della
soluzione del medesimo problema nel caso in cui il fluido sia un conduttore perfetto.
Summary This paper deals with some questions of classical solution existence and uniqueness for the problem of the steady flow of an homogeneous, incompressible, perfect, electrically conducting fluid past a dielectric and discharged obstacle in which a magnetic dipole is situated. More precisely, in the first place the non-existence of solutions of the above mentioned problem is proved for fluids of finite conductivity, if rather restrictive conditions are placed on behavior of the kinetic and magnetic fields at infinity. In the next place an existence and uniqueness theorem is established for perfectly conducting fluids.相似文献
160.