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221.
Juri Takayoshi Yong-Lin Huang Yosuke Matsuo Yoshinori Saito Dian-Peng Li Takashi Tanaka 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(14)
Ellagitannins (ETs) are plant polyphenols with various health benefits. Recent studies have indicated that the biological activities of ETs are attributable to their degradation products, including ellagic acid and its gut microflora metabolites, such as urolithins. Insect tea produced in the Guangxi region, China, is made from the frass of moth larvae that feed on the ET-rich leaves of Platycarya strobilacea. Chromatographic separation of the Guangxi insect tea showed that the major phenolic constituents are ellagic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, gallic acid, brevifolin, and polymeric polyphenols. Chemical investigation of the feed of the larvae, the fresh leaves of P. strobilacea, showed that the major polyphenols are ETs including pedunculagin, casuarictin, strictinin, and a new ET named platycaryanin E. The new ET was confirmed as a dimer of strictinin having a tergalloyl group. The insect tea and the leaves of P. strobilacea contained polymeric polyphenols, both of which were shown to be composed of ETs and proanthocyanidins by acid hydrolysis and thiol degradation. This study clarified that Guangxi insect tea contains ET metabolites produced in the digestive tract of moth larvae, and the metabolites probably have higher bioavailabilities than the original large-molecular ETs of the leaves of P. strobilacea. 相似文献
222.
You Takahashi Akiko Fukuda Emiko Ishiwata Yoshimasa Nakamura 《Applicable analysis》2013,92(3):586-594
The integrable discrete hungry Lotka–Volterra (dhLV) system is easily transformed to the qd-type dhLV system, which resembles the recursion formula of the qd algorithm for computing matrix eigenvalues. Some of the qd-type dhLV variables play a role for assisting the time evolution of the others. This property does not appear in the original dhLV system. In this article, we first show the existence of a centre manifold for the qd-type dhLV system. With the help of the centre manifold theory, we next investigate the local convergence of the qd-type dhLV system, and then clarify the monotonicity related to the qd-type dhLV variables at the final phase of the convergence. 相似文献
223.
Ken’ichiro Tanaka Tomoaki Okayama Takayasu Matsuo Masaaki Sugihara 《Numerische Mathematik》2013,125(3):511-543
In this paper, the theoretical convergence rate of the trapezoidal rule combined with the double-exponential (DE) transformation is given for a class of functions for which the single-exponential (SE) transformation is suitable. It is well known that the DE transformation enables the rule to achieve a much higher rate of convergence than the SE transformation, and the convergence rate has been analyzed and justified theoretically under a proper assumption. Here, it should be emphasized that the assumption is more severe than the one for the SE transformation, and there actually exist some examples such that the trapezoidal rule with the SE transformation achieves its usual rate, whereas the rule with DE does not. Such cases have been observed numerically, but no theoretical analysis has been given thus far. This paper reveals the theoretical rate of convergence in such cases, and it turns out that the DE’s rate is almost the same as, but slightly lower than that of the SE. By using the analysis technique developed here, the theoretical convergence rate of the Sinc approximation with the DE transformation is also given for a class of functions for which the SE transformation is suitable. The result is quite similar to above; the convergence rate in the DE case is slightly lower than in the SE case. Numerical examples which support those two theoretical results are also given. 相似文献
224.
225.
Hisahiro Nakayama Jiro Kasahara Akiko Matsuo Ikkoh Funaki 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2013,34(2):1939-1947
The propagation of curved detonation waves of gaseous explosives stabilized in rectangular-cross-section curved channels is investigated. Three types of stoichiometric test gases, C2H4 + 3O2, 2H2 + O2, and 2C2H2 + 5O2 + 7Ar, are evaluated. The ratio of the inner radius of the curved channel (ri) to the normal detonation cell width (λ) is an important factor in stabilizing curved detonation waves. The lower boundary of stabilization is around ri/λ = 23, regardless of the test gas. The stabilized curved detonation waves eventually attain a specific curved shape as they propagate through the curved channels. The specific curved shapes of stabilized curved detonation waves are approximately formulated, and the normal detonation velocity (Dn)?curvature (κ) relations are evaluated. The Dn nondimensionalized by the Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) detonation velocity (DCJ) is a function of the κ nondimensionalized by λ. The Dn/DCJ?λκ relation does not depend on the type of test gas. The propagation behavior of the stabilized curved detonation waves is controlled by the Dn/DCJ?λκ relation. Due to this propagation characteristic, the fully-developed, stabilized curved detonation waves propagate through the curved channels while maintaining a specific curved shape with a constant angular velocity. Self-similarity is seen in the front shock shapes of the stabilized curved detonation waves with the same ri/λ, regardless of the curved channel and test gas. 相似文献
226.
Yutaka Matsuo Ya Wang Hiroshi Ueno Takafumi Nakagawa Hiroshi Okada 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(26):8854-8859
(N‐Phenylfluorenylidene)acridane (Ph‐FA) compounds with electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating substituents (H, MeO, Ph, NO2, Br, F) at the para position of the phenyl group were successfully synthesized by Barton–Kellogg reactions of N‐aryl thioacridones and diazofluorene. By using the substituent on the nitrogen atom to alter the electronic properties, both the folded and twisted conformers of p‐NO2‐C6H4‐FA could be crystallographically characterized, which enabled the charge transfer from the electron‐donating acridane moiety to the electron‐accepting fluorenylidene moiety to be understood. Ground‐state mechanochromism, thermochromism, vapochromism, and proton‐induced chromism were demonstrated between the folded and twisted conformations of the conformers. Protonation and chemical oxidation of Ph‐FA gave two stable acridinium compounds, namely, the fluorenylacridinium and acridinium radical cations. The present study will contribute to the development of functional dyes and organic semiconductors. 相似文献
227.
228.
T. Kato M. Kurata-Nishimura T. Kobayashi Y. Okamura-Oho T. Sano Y. Hayashizaki Y. Matsuo J. Kawai 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2008,92(4):809-812
In order to develop a femtosecond laser ablation (fsLA) ion source for TOF mass spectrometry, we have analyzed time-resolved
images of laser-induced fluorescence from Sm+ ions produced by fsLA of a solid samarium in electric fields. The polarity and the strength of electric fields had a remarkable
effect on the expansion of Sm+ ions. Moreover, accelerating electric fields elongated the duration of the ion emission from the samarium surface in fsLA,
which degraded time-focusing of the ions. We have found that suppression the continuous ion emission caused by fsLA in electric
fields is most important in TOF measurements. 相似文献
229.
Prof. Isao Fujii Dr. Makoto Hashimoto Kaori Konishi Akiko Unezawa Haruka Sakuraba Kenta Suzuki Harue Tsushima Miho Iwasaki Satsuki Yoshida Akane Kudo Rina Fujita Aika Hichiwa Koharu Saito Dr. Takashi Asano Dr. Jun Ishikawa Dr. Daigo Wakana Dr. Yukihiro Goda Ayumi Watanabe Mamoru Watanabe Yui Masumoto Dr. Junichiro Kanazawa Dr. Hajime Sato Prof. Masanobu Uchiyama 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(22):8542-8548
Shimalactones A and B are neuritogenic polyketides possessing characteristic oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene ring systems that are produced by the marine fungus Emericella variecolor GF10. We identified a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster and conducted heterologous expression analysis. Expression of ShmA polyketide synthase in Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the production of preshimalactone. Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants expressing ShmA and ShmB produced shimalactones A and B, thus suggesting that the double bicyclo-ring formation reactions proceed non-enzymatically from preshimalactone epoxide. DFT calculations strongly support the idea that oxabicyclo-ring formation and 8π-6π electrocyclization proceed spontaneously after opening of the preshimalactone epoxide ring through protonation. We confirmed the formation of preshimalactone epoxide in vitro, followed by its non-enzymatic conversion to shimalactones in the dark. 相似文献
230.
Takashi Yoshimoto Prof. Dr. Hisako Hashimoto Dr. Nozomi Takagi Prof. Dr. Shigeyoshi Sakaki Naoki Hayakawa Dr. Tsukasa Matsuo Prof. Dr. Hiromi Tobita 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(15):3795-3798
A tungsten silylyne complex having a W≡Si triple bond reacted with two molecules of aldehydes at room temperature to give W−Si−O−C four-membered metallacycles by [2+2] cycloaddition and subsequent formyl hydrogen transfer from one aldehyde molecule to another. Upon heating to 70 °C, the four-membered metallacycles underwent metathesis-like fragmentation cleanly to afford carbyne complexes and “silanoic esters,” in a manner similar to that of metallacyclobutadiene, an intermediate of alkyne metathesis reactions, and dimerization of the latter products gave 1,3-cyclodisiloxanes. The “silanoic ester” was also trapped by pivalaldehyde to give a [2+2] cycloaddition product in high yield. 相似文献