Advantages of using gold hollow nanoshells in cancer photothermal therapy

Lots of studies have been conducted on the optical properties of gold nanoparticles in the first region of near infrared(650 nm–950 nm), however new findings show that the second region of near-infrared(1000 nm–1350 nm) penetrates to the deeper tissues of the human body. Therefore, using the above-mentioned region in photo-thermal therapy(PTT) of cancer will be more appropriate. In this paper, absorption efficiency is calculated for gold spherical and rod-shaped nanoshells by the finite element method(FEM). The results show that the surface plasmon frequency of these nanostructures is highly dependent on the dimension and thickness of shell and it can be adjusted to the second region of near-infrared. Thus, due to their optical tunability and their high absorption efficiency the hollow nanoshells are the most appropriate options for eradicating cancer tissues.     

Improving anti-reflectivity and laser damage threshold of \hbox {SiO}_{2}/\hbox {ZrO}_{2} thin films by laser shock peening at 1064 nm

In this study, anti-reflection (AR) \(\hbox {SiO}_{2}/ \hbox {ZrO}_{2}\) thin films with 3-layers were designed and fabricated by the essential Macleod software and physical vapor deposition, respectively. In order to improve the optical and physical properties of the prepared samples, laser shock peening (LSP) technique was applied. For this purpose, an Argon Fluoride Excimer laser \((\lambda =193 \,\text {nm})\) with 110 and 240 mJ energies and 1 Hz frequency at different pulses was used. The effect of LSP method in improving transmissions and laser damage thresholds of the prepared samples was proved by using UV–Vis–IR spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 400–1200 nm and international standard ISO11254 at 1064 nm. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to check the effect of applying LSP.     

An investigation of phenolic compounds from plant sources as trypsin inhibitors

In the search of new trypsin inhibitors caffeic acid (1), cinnamic acid (2), gallic acid (3) and eugenol (4) from Cinnamomum zeylanicum, ferulic acid (5) from Impatiens bicolor, vanillin (6) from Melia azedarach and catechol (7) from Allium cepa were isolated through bioassay guided fractionation of the plant extracts. IC (50) values of the compounds 1, 2 and 5 were found to be 0.35?±?0.02?mM, 0.96?±?0.05?mM and 1.22?±?0.06?mM, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots and their secondary replots showed that 1 was non-competitive inhibitor of this enzyme with K(i) value 0.102?±?0.006?mM.     

转小鼠金属硫蛋白(MT)基因烟草不同器官中金属离子铅和锌的分布

转金属硫蛋白(MT)基因植物具有清除重金属污染的能力,但是金属离子在植物体内的分布研究较少。文章以多代培育纯合的转MT烟草为材料,研究了转MT基因烟草积累铅和锌以及铅和锌在不同器官的分布情况。结果表明转基因植株的老叶、茎部和根部铅和锌积累量显著高于普通烟草植株,整株的铅和锌含量分别提高了21.8%和27.2%。铅和锌在植物体内的分布也发生了变化,转基因植株老叶和根中的铅含量分别高出普通烟草同位置的30.2%和47.8%,锌在转基因植株老叶、茎和根中的含量分别高出普通烟草同位置的44.7%,29.2%和21.6%,说明铅更容易在转基因植株老叶和根中积累,而锌更容易在转基因植株的老叶和茎中积累。     

Dynamic pressure based prediction of spray cooling heat transfer coefficients

An important goal of spray cooling research is the ability to predict local heat transfer from the spray hydrodynamics. It is postulated that the local normal pressure exerted by the spray onto the heated surface can be used to obtain the local heat transfer coefficient. This hypothesis was tested using data obtained from hollow cone, full cone, and linear sprays at four nozzle pressures and three stand-off distances. A correlation between the pressure and heat transfer coefficient was determined from the data, then used to “predict” the heat transfer coefficient to verify the accuracy of the correlation. The area averaged heat transfer coefficient could be predicted within 25%, indicating that pressure can be used to predict the local heat transfer coefficient in the single-phase regime.     

PNIPAM线性链与凝胶在二元溶剂中相变的变温NMR研究

通过对聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM）水溶液和凝胶在水和甲醇混合溶剂中的¹H NMR谱图以及弛豫时间(T₁与T₂)等多种NMR参数随温度变化的研究,发现PNIPAM大分子的基团质子NMR信号、溶剂的弛豫时间都可以用来灵敏表征PNIPAM在二元溶剂中的相变行为. 在PNIPAM凝胶中,温度升到LSCT以上,溶剂峰由单峰变为双峰,分别对应于受限在大分子网络内的受限溶剂和排除到大分子网络外的自由溶剂,两者的弛豫时间存在明显差异. 在PNIPAM溶液中,溶剂峰在相变前后并没有显著变化. 通过PNIPAM溶胀在water/alcohol混合溶剂中的相变研究进一步证实了PNIPAM与不同溶剂之间的相互作用强弱.      

The Asymmteric Syntheses of Alkaloids via Electro-Oxidation of Aza-Rings

Recently, we found the N-(hydroxyalkyl) aza-rings 1 can produce 2-oxazolidine 2 through electrolysis. With the chiral side chain, the 2-oxazolidine 2 can generate a new chiral center at the 0-aminocarbon when treated with Grignard reagents. Repeat the process of electro-oxidation and substitution by Grignard reagents, we can prepare the two most popular alkaloids bases, pyrroliding and piperidine, with substitutions in an enantioselective fashion. This presentation will discuss the efficiency of electro-oxidation of aza-ring compounds in terms of the oxidation conditions, such as the applied potential, quantity of electricity, solvent effect,and temperature effect. Meanwhile, several demonstrative syntheses of chiral alkaloids, such as Monomorine,(-)-pyrroliding 197B, and(-)-Solenopsin A, will also be presented.     

Ultrasensitive Simultaneous Quantification of Nanomolar Level of Cd and Zn by Cathodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in Some Real Samples

A novel, simple and sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetry method was developed for simultaneous determination of Cd and Zn using N‐Nitrozo‐N‐phenylhydroxylamine (Cupferron) as a selective complexing agent. Cadmium and zinc metals gave peaks that were distinctly separated by 450–1200 mV, allowing their determination over a wide range of concentrations. The influence of pH and the nature of supporting electrolytes, concentration of ligand, preconcentration time and applied potential were investigated. The detection limits were 0.058 ng/mL for Zn and 0.092 ng/mL for Cd, and the RSD at a concentration level of 50 ppb, were 1.8–2.1 % for both zinc and cadmium, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of cadmium and zinc in blood, drug, food and water samples with the satisfactory results.     

Role of Vitamins B-3 and C in the Fashioning of Granules in UASB Reactor Sludge

Whereas a myriad of possible factors have been reported which effect the formation of granules in a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and influence their properties, there is no study on the effect of vitamins on the granulation of UASB reactor sludge. The present study was undertaken to bridge this gap. It was seen that vitamins helped in better granule formation??as reflected by favorable size distribution, sludge volume index, and settling velocity??compared to controls. The vitamin-spiked reactors also achieved >85?% COD removal efficiency in half the number of days the unspiked reactors took. The vitamin supplements were effective at concentrations????1?mg/l. Hence, their use in expediting granule formation as also in developing better-quality granules appears economically viable.