全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1593篇 |
免费 | 85篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1068篇 |
晶体学 | 10篇 |
力学 | 78篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
数学 | 253篇 |
物理学 | 277篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 60篇 |
2021年 | 65篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 50篇 |
2018年 | 64篇 |
2017年 | 45篇 |
2016年 | 88篇 |
2015年 | 76篇 |
2014年 | 71篇 |
2013年 | 169篇 |
2012年 | 107篇 |
2011年 | 114篇 |
2010年 | 101篇 |
2009年 | 82篇 |
2008年 | 85篇 |
2007年 | 76篇 |
2006年 | 51篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1690条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
For a number field k and a prime number p, let k ?? be the cyclotomic Z p -extension of k with finite layers k n . We study the finiteness of the Galois group X ?? over k ?? of the maximal abelian unramified p-extension of k ?? when it is assumed to be cyclic. We then focus our attention to the case where p?=?2 and k is a real quadratic field and give the rank of the 2-primary part of the class group of k n . As a consequence, we determine the complete list of real quadratic number fields for which X ?? is cyclic non trivial. We then apply these results to the study of Greenberg??s conjecture for infinite families of real quadratic fields thus generalizing previous results obtained by Ozaki and Taya. 相似文献
172.
Size dependent buckling of composite laminates made of isotropic graphene layers interlaid with bonding agents is considered. Nonlocal theory of elasticity is used in the buckling analysis to reflect the size scale effects on the critical buckling loads which is discussed in detail. The method is capable of predicting the relative buckling modes for non-uniform inplane loading applied through the thickness of the laminate. All modes of buckling in which the layers may displace together or opposite one another are investigated to study their scale dependent effects. Displacement or load controls are implemented through independent parameters as constraints to form special combination of buckling modes. Each graphene sheet is considered as a Kirchhoff plate model. The interlaid bonding agent is laterally treated as Winkler elastic foundation between graphene layers while neglecting their other load carrying capacities. Various numerical results are obtained reflecting the nonlocality effects. It is observed that in cases of higher load ratios and simpler buckling modes, the effect of nonlocality tends to drastically increase. The results of simpler examples studied are verified by another reference. 相似文献
173.
Shabi Abbas Zaidi Seung Mi Lee Zeid A. AL Othman Abdullah M. AL Majid Won Jo Cheong 《Chromatographia》2011,73(5-6):517-525
Some acidic chiral templates were used to prepare open tubular (OT) molecule imprinted polymer (MIP) capillary columns to explore the effects of molecular structures of templates on chiral recognition capabilities and to verify the feasibility of the general MIP preparation protocol introduced in the previous study. The templates are phenyl carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Optimization was carried out for chiral separation of template enantiomers for each MIP column through varying pH and composition of eluent. It was found that the preparation protocol can be successfully applied for the appropriate templates with functional groups fulfilling the three-points interaction rule. The chiral separation performances were quite satisfactory for MIPs of such templates although they are yet inferior to the separation performances of the MIP columns fabricated with the templates of profen drugs (2-arylpropionic acids with a large substituent on the phenyl ring). Subtle variations of the template molecular structures have been found to be critical to enhance chiral recognition ability of the resultant MIP column. 相似文献
174.
Abbas Afkhami Tayyebeh Madrakian Saeid Soltanbeygi Majid Rezaeivala 《Journal of Molecular Structure》2011,985(1):86-90
The complex formation between a new synthesized Schiff base and the cations Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ in dichloromethane (DCM) and chloroform solutions was investigated spectrophotometrically using rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA). The results of mole ratio plots and continuous variation data show the stoichiometry of complexation were found to be 1:1, and 2:1 metal ion to ligand. The stoichiometry was obtained as 1:1 metal ion to ligand ratio for Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ in chloroform and 2:1 for Cu2+. In DCM the stoichiometry was obtained as 1:1 for Co2+ and 2:1 for Ni2+ and Zn2+ and a consecutive 2:1 metal ion to ligand ratio was obtained for Cu2+. Formation constants of these complexes were estimated by application of RAFA on spectrophotometric data. In this process the contribution of ligand was removed from the absorbance data matrix when the complex stability constant acts as an optimizing object and simply combined with the pure spectrum of the ligand, the rank of the original data matrix can be reduced by one by annihilating the information of the ligand from the original data matrix. 相似文献
175.
Hydrogenation of π-unsaturated reactants in the presence of carbonyl compounds or imines promotes reductive C-C coupling, providing a byproduct-free alternative to stoichiometric organometallic reagents in an ever-increasing range of C=X (X = O, NR) additions. Under transfer hydrogenation conditions, hydrogen exchange between alcohols and π-unsaturated reactants triggers generation of electrophile-nucleophile pairs, enabling carbonyl addition directly from the alcohol oxidation level, bypassing discrete alcohol oxidation and generation of stoichiometric byproducts. 相似文献
176.
Eshtiagh-Hosseini H Housaindokht MR Beyramabadi SA Tabatabaei SH Esmaeili AA Khoshkholgh MJ 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2011,78(3):1046-1050
A new N,N'-dipyridoxyl(1,4-butanediamine) [=H(2)BS] Schiff-base ligand and its Cu(II) salen complex, [Cu(BS)(H(2)O)(CH(3)OH)], were synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, (1)H NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Also, full optimization of the geometries, (1)H NMR chemical shifts (for the H(2)BS) and vibrational frequencies were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) method. Structure of the H(2)BS ligand is not planar, i.e. two pyridine rings are not in the same plane. In the structure of the Cu complex, the Schiff-base ligand acts as a dianionic tetradentate ligand in N, N, O(-), O(-) manner. The coordinating atoms of BS(2-) occupy equatorial positions of the octahedral complex, where the H(2)O and CH(3)OH ligands locate at axial positions. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data, confirming the suitability of the proposed and optimized structures for the H(2)BS ligand and its Cu complex. 相似文献
177.
A series of 1,3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazolines was synthesized by dissolving the corresponding 4-alkoxychalcones in glacial acetic acid containing a few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. This step was followed by the addition of (3,4-dimethylphenyl) hydrazaine hydrochloride. Finally the target compounds were precipitated by pouring the reaction mixture onto crushed ice. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The 1,3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazolines bearing homologous alkoxy groups were found to possess fluorescence properties in the blue region of the visible spectrum when irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. The fluorescent behavior of these compounds was studied by UV-Vis and emission spectroscopy, performed at room temperature. 相似文献
178.
Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase numerical simulation of nanofluid laminar forced convection in a microchannel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Kalteh Abbas Abbassi Majid Saffar-AvvalJens Harting 《International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow》2011,32(1):107-116
In this paper, laminar forced convection heat transfer of a copper-water nanofluid inside an isothermally heated microchannel is studied numerically. An Eulerian two-fluid model is considered to simulate the nanofluid flow inside the microchannel and the governing mass, momentum and energy equations for both phases are solved using the finite volume method. For the first time, the detailed study of the relative velocity and temperature of the phases are presented and it has been observed that the relative velocity and temperature between the phases is very small and negligible and the nanoparticle concentration distribution is uniform. However, the two-phase modeling results show higher heat transfer enhancement in comparison to the homogeneous single-phase model. Also, the heat transfer enhancement increases with increase in Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentration as well as with decrease in the nanoparticle diameter, while the pressure drop increases only slightly. 相似文献
179.
We give a characterization of structurally stable diffeomorphisms by making use of the notion of L
p
-shadowing property. More precisely, we prove that the set of structurally stable diffeomorphisms coincides with the C
1-interior of the set of diffeomorphisms having L
p
-shadowing property. 相似文献
180.
Izuchukwu C. Ugwunnadi G. C. Mewomo O. T. Khan A. R. Abbas M. 《Numerical Algorithms》2019,82(3):909-935
Numerical Algorithms - In this paper, we study strong convergence of some proximal-type algorithms to a solution of split minimization problem in complete p-uniformly convex metric spaces. We also... 相似文献