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71.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
72.
73.
G. M. Bergman 《Algebra Universalis》1994,32(1):13-30
Given a finite setA with a partial ordering, in which certain order relations are known to hold, there is a least set of non-relations that must be established to conclude that no relations hold other than the known ones. This set of test cases can be cut down further if algebraic structure is involved. These observations generalize arguments used by Pigozzi and others in studying finite semigroups of operators on classes of algebras.Dedicated to Bjarni Jonsson on his 70th birthdayPresented by G. McNulty.This work was done while the author was partly supported by NSF contracts MCS 82-02632 and DMS 85-02330. 相似文献
74.
75.
The technique of electroblotting polypeptides onto Polybrene-treated glass fiber filter discs after protein detection with potassium chloride is evaluated further with different proteins in separate applications. The number of proteins analyzed with this method is now more than double that previously reported. Reproducible results in good yield are obtained. Average overall yield--including the electrophoretic step before blotting--is 26%, with maximal recoveries through all steps up to 60%. High sensitivity radiosequence analysis is also applicable. Recent modifications of the previously described procedure include use of Whatman glass fiber filters, removal of air in the Polybrene-impregnated filters by buffer penetration under reduced pressure, and use of widely different times for electrotransfer. Special advantages with this method are low extent of protein alpha-amino group destruction, direct use of the entire filter in the sequencer, and insensitivity to variations in electroblotting time. Gas-phase hydrolysis in situ of blotted proteins followed by amino acid analysis is known to give a low yield of polar amino acids, and often artifacts, but can still give an estimate of the amount of polypeptide immobilized on the filter. A wash with n-butyl chloride is now shown to reduce the Polybrene-associated artifacts, and an addition of sodium chloride to increase the recovery of polar amino acids. These two steps therefore appear interesting in schemes for compositional analyses of electroblotted proteins. 相似文献
76.
Gaetan?KerschenEmail author Alexander?F.?Vakakis Young?S.?Lee D.?Michael?Mcfarland Jeffrey?J.?Kowtko Lawrence?A.?Bergman 《Nonlinear dynamics》2005,42(3):283-303
The purpose of this study is to highlight and explain the vigorous energy transfers that may take place in a linear oscillator
weakly coupled to an essentially nonlinear attachment, termed a nonlinear energy sink. Although these energy exchanges are
encountered during the transient dynamics of the damped system, it is shown that the dynamics can be interpreted mainly in
terms of the periodic orbits of the underlying Hamiltonian system. To this end, a frequency-energy plot gathering the periodic
orbits of the system is constructed which demonstrates that, thanks to a 1:1 resonance capture, energy can be irreversibly
and almost completely transferred from the linear oscillator to the nonlinear attachment. Furthermore, it is observed that
this nonlinear energy pumping is triggered by the excitation of transient bridging orbits compatible with the nonlinear attachment being initially at rest, a common feature in most practical applications. A parametric
study of the energy exchanges is also performed to understand the influence of the parameters of the nonlinear energy sink.
Finally, the results of experimental measurements supporting the theoretical developments are discussed.
This study was carried out while the author was a postdoctoral fellow at the National Technical University of Athens and at
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 相似文献
77.
F. Nucera A. F. Vakakis D. M. McFarland L. A. Bergman G. Kerschen 《Nonlinear dynamics》2007,50(3):651-677
In the field of seismic protection of structures, it is crucial to be able to diminish ‘as much as possible’ and dissipate
‘as fast as possible’ the load induced by seismic (vibration-shock) energy imparted to a structure by an earthquake. In this
context, the concept of passive nonlinear energy pumping appears to be natural for application to seismic mitigation. Hence, the overall problem discussed in this paper can be formulated
as follows: Design a set of nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) that are locally attached to a main structure, with the purpose of passively
absorbing a significant part of the applied seismic energy, locally confining it and then dissipating it in the smallest possible
time. Alternatively, the overall goal will be to demonstrate that it is feasible to passively divert the applied seismic energy
from the main structure (to be protected) to a set of preferential nonlinear substructures (the set of NESs), where this energy
is locally dissipated at a time scale fast enough to be of practical use for seismic mitigation. It is the aim of this work to show that the concept of nonlinear energy pumping is feasible for seismic mitigation. We consider
a two degree-of-freedom (DOF) primary linear system (the structure to be protected) and study seismic-induced vibration control
through the use of Vibro-Impact NESs (VI NESs). Also, we account for the possibility of attaching to the primary structure additional alternative NES configurations
possessing essential but smooth nonlinearities (e.g., with no discontinuities). We study the performance of the NESs through
a set of evaluation criteria. The damped nonlinear transitions that occur during the operation of the VI NESs are then studied
by superimposing wavelet spectra of the nonlinear responses to appropriately defined frequency – energy plots (FEPs) of branches
of periodic orbits of underlying Conservative systems. 相似文献
78.
A new method for deriving rigorous bounds on the effective elastic constants of a composite material is presented and used to derive a number of known as well as some new bounds. The new approach is based on a presentation of those constants as a sum of simple poles. The locations and strengths of the poles are treated as variational parameters, while different kinds of available information are translated into constraints on these parameters. Our new results include an extension of the range of validity of the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds to the case of composites made of isotropic materials but with an arbitrary microgeometry. We also use information on the effective elastic constants of one composite in order to obtain improved bounds on the effective elastic constants of another composite with the same or a similar microgeometry. 相似文献
79.
Seismic base isolation by nonlinear mode localization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. Wang D. M. McFarland A. F. Vakakis L. A. Bergman 《Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv)》2005,74(5-6):387-414
Summary In this paper, the performance of a nonlinear base-isolation system, comprised of a nonlinearly sprung subfoundation tuned
in a 1∶1 internal resonance to a flexible mode of the linear primary structure to be isolated, is examined. The application
of nonlinear localization to seismic isolation distinguishes this study from other base-isolation studies in the literature.
Under the condition of third-order smooth stiffness nonlinearity, it is shown that a localized nonlinear normal mode (NNM)
is induced in the system, which confines energy to the subfoundation and away from the primary or main structure. This is
followed by a numerical analysis wherein the smooth nonlinearity is replaced by clearance nonlinearity, and the system is
excited by ground motions representing near-field seismic events. The performance of the nonlinear system is compared with
that of the corresponding linear system through simulation, and the sensitivity of the isolation system to several design
parameters is analyzed. These simulations confirm the existence of the localized NNM, and show that the introduction of simple
clearance nonlinearity significantly reduces the seismic energy transmitted to the main structure, resulting in significant
attenuation in the response.
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant CMS 00-00060. The authors are grateful for this support. 相似文献
80.
A Rh(III)-catalyzed protocol for the amidation of anilide and enamide C-H bonds with isocyanates has been developed. This method provides direct and efficient syntheses of N-acyl anthranilamides, enamine amides, and pyrimidin-4-one heterocycles. 相似文献