Charge manipulation and imaging of the Mn acceptor state in GaAs by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy

An individual Mn acceptor in GaAs is mapped by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (X-STM) at room temperature and a strongly anisotropic shape of the acceptor state is observed. An acceptor state manifests itself as a cross-like feature which we attribute to a valence hole weakly bound to the Mn ion forming the (Mn²⁺3d⁵+hole) complex. We propose that the observed anisotropy of the Mn acceptor wavefunction is due to the d-wave present in the acceptor ground state.     

Two scenarios for phase-transformation in disordered media

The reasons for the existence of various scenarios for structural transformations in disordered condensed media, such as liquids and amorphous substances, where both smeared transformations and sharp first-order transitions may occur, were analyzed. The ratio between the spatial scale of structural correlations and the size of the smallest possible region occupied by a new phase in the matrix of initial modification is the key parameter determining the scenario for equilibrium phase transformations in liquids. In amorphous substances, the experimentally observed transformations occur far from equilibrium, and the possible size of the region occupied by the new phase corresponds to the minimal nucleus size. For some amorphous solids, quantitative analysis of the transformation width was carried out and the main classes of covalent substances, in which the smeared or sharp transitions occur, were revealed. Specific features of the interparticle interactions determining various transformation scenarios are discussed.     

Uniformity in radon exhalation from construction materials using can technique

The uniformity in radon exhalation rates for 46 tiles of granite, marble and ceramic used as construction materials were determined using “Can Technique” employing CR-39 nuclear track detectors (NTDs). On each tile, two sealed cans, each enclosing one NTD fixed at the center of the tile surface area covered by the can, were mounted at two different locations of each individual tiles. The track production rates on the NTDs representing radon exhalation rates were measured. The radon exhalation rates from the surface of individual tiles showed uniform exhalations within the calculated uncertainties of the measured values. This makes Can Technique an alternative simple method to measure radon exhalation rates. Calibration required to convert track production rates into radon exhalation rates for the used can and NTD was done using an active technique. The correlation between the measurements by the two techniques shows a good linear correlation coefficient (0.83).     

On the Bavrin Integro-Differential Operators and Their Applications to Solution of Functional Equations

We construct a multiplicative group structure in the class of integro-differential operators specific for a polydisk which was introduced by I. I. Bavrin. We indicate two applications of these operators to solution of functional equations.     

Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of bis(trifluoromethyl) peroxydicarbonate,CF3OC(O)OOC(O)OCF3

Thermal decomposition of bis(trifluoromethyl) peroxydicarbonate has been studied. The mechanism of decomposition is a simple bond fission, homogeneous first‐order process when the reaction is carried out in the presence of inert gases such as N₂ or CO. An activation energy of 28.5 kcal mol^?1 was determined for the temperature range of 50–90°C. Decomposition is accelerated by nitric oxide because of a chemical attack on the peroxide forming substances different from those formed with N₂ or CO. An interpretation on the influence of the substituents in different peroxides on the O? O bond is given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 15–19, 2003     

Lattice mechanical properties of some fcc f-shell metals

A pseudopotential depending on an effective core radius is proposed to study the binding energy, equation of state, ion-ion interaction, phonon dispersion curves (q-space and r-space analysis), mode Grüneisen parameters and dynamical elastic constants of some fcc f-shell metals La, Yb, Ce and Th. The contribution of the s-like electrons is calculated in the second-order perturbation theory for the potential while d and f-like electron is taken into account by introducing repulsive short-range Born-Mayer term. The parameter of the potential is evaluated by zero pressure condition. An excellent agreement between theoretical investigations and experimental findings is achieved which confirms the present formalism     

Analysis of Two-Dimensional Optical Fields Using an Additional Shift

A solution to the phase problem in optics is considered within the context of registration and analysis of two-dimensional stationary optical fields transformed by the object under study or fields forming an image. To obtain information on amplitude and phase distributions of the light field analyzed, a method of registration of two intensity distributions is used. The first distribution corresponds directly to the amplitude distribution. The other is formed for the sum of the initial field and the field shifted along a certain direction. The intensity distributions obtained allow one to calculate the two-dimensional structure of the field under study. It is noteworthy that the method requires no iteration procedures in solving the problem. This leads to speeding up of the processing and analysis of the information. Two variants of optical schemes for the analysis of light fields are considered. The first one corresponds to registration of the image of the analyzed plane and the second to registration of the spectrum of the spatial frequencies.     

Radiospectroscopic and dielectric spectra of nanomaterials

The shape of lines in the radiospectroscopic (NMR and EPR) and dielectric spectra of materials formed by nanoparticles (hereafter, nanomaterials) is analyzed theoretically. The theory is developed in the framework of the core and shell model according to which a nanoparticle consists of two regions whose properties are affected and unaffected by the surface, respectively. The changes in the resonance frequency, the relaxation time, and the static permittivity due to the surface tension are taken into account, and the Gaussian and Lorentzian shapes of homogeneously broadened lines are considered. The inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral lines is examined for several types of nanoparticle size distributions. It is demonstrated that the splitting of the initial lines in the spectra of bulk systems into pairs of lines with a decrease in the particle size is a specific feature of the spectra of nanoparticles. The intensities and half-widths of the lines are investigated as functions of the parameters of the size distribution of nanoparticles. The results of theoretical calculations are compared with recent experimental data on the ¹⁷O and ²⁵Mg NMR spectra of nanocrystalline MgO. The theoretical dependences of the intensity, the resonance frequency, and the half-width of the spectral lines are in good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed theory offers a satisfactory explanation of the behavior of the static permittivity in BaTiO₃ ceramic materials with nanometer-sized grains.     

Weighted oscillator strengths and lifetimes for the S IX and S X spectra

The weighted oscillator strengths (gf) and the lifetimes presented in this work were carried out in a multi configuration Hartree-Fock relativistic (HFR) approach. In this calculation, the electrostatic parameters were optimized by a least-squares procedure, in order to improve the adjustment to experimental energy levels. This method produces gf-values that are in better agreement with intensity observations and lifetime values that are closer to the experimental ones. In this work, we presented all the experimentally known electric dipole S IX and S X spectral lines.