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991.
We characterize orbifolds in terms of their sheaves, and show that orbifolds correspond exactly to a specific class of smooth groupoids. As an application, we construct fibered products of orbifolds and prove a change-of-base formula for sheaf cohomology. 相似文献
992.
Fe(II)--Fe(III) hydroxy-chloride, -sulphate and -carbonate were prepared by oxidation of a ferrous hydroxide precipitate in anion-containing aqueous solutions. The compounds are characterized by monitoring the redox potential Eh and the pH of stochiometric suspension vs time with the appropriate concentration ratios. X-ray diffraction allows us to characterize the crystal structure by distinguishing “green rust one” (GR1) from “green rust two” (GR2). Since green rusts (GRs) are of a pyroaurite-sjögrenite-like structure, i.e., consisting of intercalated foreign anions and water molecules in the interlayers between the brucite-like layers of Fe(OH)2, their chemical formulae can be determined from the Mössbauer spectra. Three quadrupole doublets are observed: D1 and D2 correspond to a ferrous state with isomershift IS of about 1.27 mm s-1 and quadrupole splittings QS of about 2.85 and 2.60 mm s-1, respectively, whereas D3 corresponds to a ferric state with IS and QS of about 0.4 mm s-1. The hyperfine parameters of these doublets are similar from one green rust to another but their intensity ratios vary considerably. Finally, Eh and pH equilibrium diagrams of the Fe species in the presence of chloride, sulphate and carbonate anions contained within the water solution are drawn and the thermodynamic conditions of existence and degrees of oxidation of green rusts are discussed. 相似文献
993.
994.
Fixed-frequency and threshold photoelectron spectra have been recorded for ionization from the S ls shells in SF6, CS2 and COS, the Si 1s shells in SiH4 and SiCl4 and the Cl 1s shell in SiCl4 using synchrotron radiation. Fixed-frequency spectra generally showed a single strong ionization feature with associated weak satellite structure due to excited ionized states. Threshold spectra closely resembled X-ray absorption spectra but with an additional feature due to direct ionization. In cases where resonant process enhanced the NEXAFS spectrum direct ionization was not observed. 相似文献
995.
M. Trunk J. Popp I. Hartmann M. Lankers E. Urlaub W. Kiefer 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1996,355(3-4):354-356
In situ measurements of gas-liquid surface reactions of single aerosol microdroplets are presented. By means of optical levitation in combination with elastic (Mie) and inelastic (Raman) light scattering it is possible to get information on the chemistry of e.g. acid/base reactions as well as the physical behavior of single microparticles. 相似文献
996.
V. M. Ogenko A. V. Fesenko N. D. Konovalova V. I. Stepanenko 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1993,50(1-2):169-173
It has been established that CO oxidation with excess O2 on Ni/Al2O3 forms an inhomogeneous NiO contact surface that smoothes critical effects in the sharp reactivity change. 相似文献
997.
One of the shortcomings of R&D evaluation is a lack of emphasis on analytical assessment of the value of an on-going R&D project. This paper addresses the problem concerning the distributive aspect of access to superior knowledge. Decision tree analysis and probability models appear to be appropriate tools for assessing the values of an intermediate result and patent reward of a firm's R&D decision in an environment of perfect information and oligopolistic competition. The assessed values are used as minimum prices acceptable to the firm when the knowledge is disseminated to the public. This paper will attempt to resolve this problem through the determination of the appropriate values of the reservation price of the first-stage invention in terms of the final reward and of a patent reward for which the inventor is willing to apply. 相似文献
998.
999.
S. Vogel J. Hutter T. H. Fischer H. P. Lüthi 《International journal of quantum chemistry》1993,45(6):665-678
A program to optimize the structure of large molecules at the Hartree–Fock level of theory running concurrently on a network of workstations is presented. Problems encountered in obtaining nearly optimal speedup and their solutions are discussed. A simple scheduling algorithm is presented that enables up to 99.5% of the code to run in parallel. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
1000.
H. Tietze-Jaensch D. Sieger R. Geick W. Zulehner A. de Geyer 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1992,54(1):19-21
The formation of silicon oxide precipitates from Czochralski grown silicon depends on the time and temperature of the heat treatment as well as on the initial content of interstitially dissolved oxygen. Samples containing between 5×1017 Oi/cm3 and 13×1017 Oi/cm3 have been heated at 750° C for 96 h. SiO2 precipitates of various shape and size have been obtained and investigated by means of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) in the Q-range 0.05 Å–1<Q<0.2 Å–1. The obtained SANS patterns reveal a typical anisotropy of their intensity distribution, which splits into a central peak at Q<0.1 Å–1 due to the shape of the individual particles and a number of weak intensities for large Q-values, originating from a correlation between defects, possibly between the precipitates. While these correlation peaks in the SANS patterns are seen best for rather low values of about (5–7)×1017 Oi/cm3 oxygen content, the central peak anisotropy is most pronounced for higher values of ca 10×1017 Oi/cm3. The integrated intensity of the central peak increases with increasing initial oxygen content. For comparison, untreated samples of the same initial oxygen content do not reveal any anisotropic SAN scattering or a broadened central peak beam. 相似文献