磁性“一步法”-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中28种有机磷农药残留

基于磁性纳米材料建立了磁性“一步法”前处理技术,结合液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法,实现了水产品中28种有机磷农药残留的精准定量分析。针对水产品富含蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪酸的特点,选择磁性聚合物(聚二乙烯基苯-吡咯烷酮,Fe₃O₄-PLS)为净化剂,通过疏水作用、氢键和π-π键等相互协同作用高效吸附基质干扰组分,净化样品。优化了萃取溶剂类型及用量、盐析与除水剂、Fe₃O₄-PLS和C18用量等实验条件。在最佳样品前处理条件下,28种有机磷农药的方法检出限(MLOD)为0.03～0.85μg/kg,方法定量限(MLOQ)为0.50～2.00μg/kg;不同添加浓度水平下目标物的平均回收率为60.1%～119.0%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.8%～19.0%,方法的灵敏度和准确度高。与QuEChERS方法对比,本方法在萃取溶剂、盐析与除水剂和净化剂用量以及分析效率等方面均展现出明显的优势。采用本方法检测不同种类水产品中有机磷农药残留,结果表明,本方法具有良好的实用性,可为水产品中有机磷农药残...     

三垂线定理解读

三垂线定理是立体几何中的重要定理,它是证明直线和直线垂直的有力工具,在研究空间图形的计算问题(如点线距离与二面角的计算等)时,也常要借助三垂线定理给出合理的依据．因此,正确理解并掌握三垂线定理,对学好立体几何有着重要意义．     

含二（二苯基膦）甲烷配体的钯—铑异双金属配合物的XPS能谱研究

研究了４种带ｄｐｐｍ〔二（二苯基膦）甲烷〕桥配体的钯－铑异双金属配合物的ＸＰＳ谱，得到了在配合物生成过程中Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ及Ｃｌ结合能的变化，揭示了它们所处的化学环境，解释了这４种配合物生成过程中所发生的配体迁移、氧化还原及金属－金属成键过程。     

非圆截面环形轴对称等离子体中的测地声波模式

最早Winsor，Johnson和Dawson等人研究了测地声波模式，其目的是为了解释在仿星器装置实验中发现的某些低频振荡。这是一类特殊的静电流体模式，具有很低的模数并与环形磁约束等离子体的所谓的测地曲率相耦合。最近对这类模式的新的兴趣是由于它与漂移波湍流在区域流和测地声波模作用下的稳定化现象密切相关。早期对测地声波模的研究是在简单的几何位形中进行的，包括大环径比圆截面托卡马克或圆截面的“平均”仿星器，这样，对一般的环形磁约束等离子体来说，以前的研究实际上只适用于近磁轴区域。     

光学小波匹配滤波器与图形识别

小波变换弥补了傅里叶变换的不足，在信号及图像处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章深入讨论了小波变换匹配滤波器的理论基础及光学实现方法，并将其用于图形识别，给出了计算机模拟结果，与传统的匹配滤波器进行了比较，证实了小波变换在光学信息处理中的优越性。     

硫化态Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性位的低温CO-FTIR方法表征及噻吩HDS活性

ＭｏＳ2 是钼基加氢精制催化剂 [Ｃｏ(Ｎｉ)Ｍｏ/γ Ａｌ2 Ｏ3]活性相的主要组份 ,其形态与结构对Ｃｏ(Ｎｉ)Ｍｏ/γ Ａｌ2 Ｏ3的加氢脱硫 (ＨＤＳ)、加氢脱氮 (ＨＤＮ)活性的影响至关重要[1 ,2 ] .目前 ,人们通常使用的ＴＰＲ方法虽可测定过渡金属硫化物的表面活性位 ,并可有效地区分位于催化剂活性相 (ＭｏＳ2 ｓｌａｂ)周边的硫物种 ,但对不同价态的钼尚无法鉴别[3] .本文制备了硫化态Ｍｏ/γ Ａｌ2 Ｏ3催化剂 ,以ＣＯ为探针分子 ,利用ＦＴＩＲ技术在液氮温度 (77Ｋ)下考察了催化剂的表面活性位 (钼物种 )及催化噻吩ＨＤＳ的活性 .1　实…     

硫化态三组元NiMoP／ γ—AI2O3催化剂的TPR表征及噻吩HDS活性的研究

石油馏份油加氢精制的核心是馏份油的加氢脱硫（HDS）和加氢脱氮（HDN）。目前用于基础研究与工业过程的加氢精制催化剂主要是负载型过渡金属硫化物[Co(Ni)Mo(W)/γ-AI2O3]^[1,2]。近年来的研究结果表明,在活性相中引入其它适宜种类的助剂组元有助于催化剂活性及产物选择性的改善^[3,4]。本文以Keggin型钼磷酸为硫化物前体活性相钼磷源、硝酸镍为镍源制成不同钼含量的负载型硫化态三组元催化剂（NiMoP/γ-AI2O3）,并在TPR及连续流动固定床反应装置上考察了催化剂的氢还原性能及模型底物噻吩HDS反应活性。     

硫化态三组元NiMoP/γ-Al2O3催化剂的TPR表征及噻吩HDS活性的研究

A series of sulfided tertiary NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different contents of MoO3 were prepared by using molybdophosphoric acid of Keggin structure(H3PMo12O40) and nickel nitrate as origins of active phase components of molybdenum, phosphorus and nickel, and characterized by TPR technique, with their HDS activity being investigated with thiophene as a model substrate. For the sulfided Mo-0 catalyst containing no nickel as promoter, the only hydrogen sulfide evolution peak Ⅰ　is observed at 462 K and attributed to the hydrogenation of the so-called edge sulfur atoms chemisorbed on coordinatively unsaturated(cus) Mox+ sites on the MoS2 phase(MoS2 slab). With the introduction of nickel into the active phase of the sulfided Mo-0 catalyst and with the increase of the molybdenum loading, a new hydrogen sulfide evolution peak Ⅱ gradually develops at the low temperature side of the peak Ⅰ, at the same time accompanied by both the increase of the area ratio of the peak Ⅱ to the peak Ⅰ and the shift of the hydrogen sulfide evolution maximum rate to lower temperatures, which may imply the existence of two kinds of active centers related to molybdenum and nickel respectively and the synergic action between the two centers above. It should be noted that for the sulfided NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, the thiophene HDS rate and the quantity of hydrogen sulfide evolved during TPR process increase monotonously with the atomic ratio of molybdenum to nickel in the form of ［n(Ni)+n(Mo)］/n(Ni). On the basis of the results here, the conclusion may be reached that the two kinds of vacancies can be formed on the edge of Ni-Mo-S slab due to the loss of S during TPR process and vacancies or sites related to the H2S evolution peak II should be regarded as the mainly active reaction centers of thiophene HDS.     

Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性位的表征及其噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性

A series of Pt/γ Al 2O 3 catalysts with different content of Pt were characterized by using low temperature FT IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, while their catalytic activity for HDS was investigated with thiophene as a model substrate. On the basis of the experimental results, it has been obtained that the pseudo zero order rate of the thiophene HDS reaction is well linearly proportional to the total area of the two IR bands at 2?080 and 1?850 cm -1 of CO adsorbed on Pt/γ Al 2O 3, and that the Pt sites for CO adsorption may be the active centers for thiophene HDS reaction.