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吹扫捕集-气相色谱法同时测定海水中的氟氯烃和六氟化硫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氟氯烃(CFCs)和六氟化硫(SF6)都是人工合成的卤代化合物,在海洋科学考察中是非常重要的基础观测参数,在示踪海/气交换、水团交换等一系列重要海洋学过程研究中均有特殊的应用价值;同时,也可以用于估算表观耗氧速率(Apparent oxygen utilization rate,AOUR)以及人为碳(Anthropogenic C02,Cant)等一些重要的物理及生物地球化学过程参量.CFCs,SF6在海水中的浓度非常低,测量难度大,而CFCs和SF6的联合使用对海洋学过程研究具有重大意义.本研究建立了一套吹扫捕集系统以分析海水中CFC-12和SF6,对吹扫捕集系统测定条件进行了优化,最佳的实验条件为:捕集温度-70℃,吹扫时间8min,吹扫压力310 kPa,脱附时间30 s,脱附温度90℃.本方法测定简单、灵敏度高,CFC-12和SF6的检出限分别为0.02 pmol/kg和0.03 fmol/kg,CFC-12和SF6的测定精密度分别为±1.2%和±0.5%.标准工作曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.9995.本方法成功应用于2014年中国第六次北极科学考察航次中采集的海水样品的测定. 相似文献
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以石墨烯/N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)分散体和Co(NO_3)_2混合物为前驱体,经过高温和化学掺杂处理,制备了钴/氮掺杂的碳纳米管/石墨烯复合材料(Co/N-CNT/Gr-X,X代表煅烧温度),并对其进行物相表征和电化学性能测试.结果表明,在钴盐催化下,石墨烯分散体中的有机溶剂NMP成为碳源,在石墨烯表面形成高密度的碳纳米管,形成了三维多级结构;同时,钴离子部分氧化成为氧化物,部分与N形成Co—N活性位点,其协同作用极大改善了催化剂的氧还原性能.其中Co/N-CNT/Gr-800的还原峰电位为-0.137 V(vs.SCE),极限电流密度为4.24 m A/cm~2,电子转移数为3.34,表现出优异的耐甲醇中毒能力. 相似文献
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Interfacial defect engineering and photocatalysis properties of hBN/MX2 (M = Mo,W, and X = S,Se heterostructures 下载免费PDF全文
Zhi-Hai Sun 《中国物理 B》2022,31(6):67101-067101
Van der Waals (VDW) heterostructures have attracted significant research interest due to their tunable interfacial properties and potential applications in many areas such as electronics, optoelectronic, and heterocatalysis. In this work, the influences of interfacial defects on the electronic structures and photocatalytic properties of hBN/MX2 (M = Mo, W, and X=S, Se) are studied using density functional theory calculations. The results reveal that the band alignment of hBN/MX2 can be adjusted by introducing vacancies and atomic doping. The type-I band alignment of the host structure is maintained in the heterostructure with n-type doping in the hBN sublayer. Interestingly, the band alignment changed into the type-II heterostructrue due to VB defect and p-type doping is introduced into the hBN sublayer. This can conduce to the separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs at the interfaces, which is highly desired for heterostructure photocatalysis. In addition, two Z-type heterostructures including hBN(BeB)/MoS2, hBN(BeB)/MoSe2, and hBN(VN)/MoSe2 are achieved, showing the decreasing of band gap and ideal redox potential for water splitting. Our results reveal the possibility of engineering the interfacial and photocatalysis properties of hBN/MX2 heterostructures via interfacial defects. 相似文献
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去除土壤水分对高光谱估算土壤有机质含量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
土壤高光谱技术具有方便快捷、无破坏、成本低等优点,已被广泛应用于估算土壤有机质含量(SOMC)。然而,野外测量的土壤高光谱数据因受外部环境因素(土壤湿度、温度、表面粗糙度等)干扰,导致SOMC估算模型适用性有待提升。土壤含水率(SMC)是影响野外测量高光谱的最主要的障碍因素之一,它的变化严重影响可见-近红外(Vis-NIR)光谱反射率的观测结果。因此,消除SMC对高光谱数据的干扰是提高土壤高光谱估算SOMC模型预测精度的关键环节。以江汉平原潜江市潮土样本为研究对象,在室内人工加湿土样,分别获取6个SMC水平的土壤高光谱数据,采用标准正态变换(SNV)对光谱数据进行预处理,基于外部参数正交化法(EPO)去除土壤水分对高光谱的影响,利用偏最小二乘方法(PLSR)建立并对比EPO处理前、后不同SMC水平SOMC反演模型。结果表明,土壤水分对Vis-NIR光谱反射率有显著的影响,掩盖了SOMC的光谱吸收特征;EPO处理前不同SMC水平的光谱曲线之间的差异较为明显,而EPO处理后的各SMC水平的光谱曲线形态基本相似;采用EPO处理后的土壤高光谱数据建立SOMC估算模型,预测集的R2p,RPD分别为0.84和2.50,其精度与EPO处理前所建模型相比有较大提升,表明EPO算法可以有效去除土壤水分的影响,从而提升SOMC的估算精度。对定向去除外部环境参数对土壤高光谱影响进行了实证,为完善野外原位获取SOMC信息技术提供理论基础。 相似文献
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CAARC高层建筑标准模型是国际上通用的风工程标准模型之一,用来检验各个模拟自然风的风洞试验结果,以确保风洞试验测量数据的可信度。本研究使用缩尺比为1:300的CAARC模型,在同济大学TJ-2建筑风洞中进行了B类和D类地面粗糙度风场下的刚性测压试验和高频动态天平试验。在刚性测压试验中测量了建筑模型表面在不同风速和风向角下的平均风压系数,并与国外风洞机构的试验数据进行了对比分析。在高频动态天平试验中,不同风向角下的结构气动力系数和顶点位移被给出,并同样与国外风洞机构进行了对比。风洞试验结果表明:TJ-2风洞能较好地模拟大气边界层风场,且风场品质较好;试验技术可靠,所测得的试验数据具有较高的精度。 相似文献
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Electronegativity explanation on the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of the hybrid inorganic–organic perovskite ABX_3 from first-principles study 下载免费PDF全文
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites play an important role in improving the efficiency of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. In this paper, we systematically explore the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of ABX_3(A = CH_3NH_3; B = Sn,Pb; X = Cl, Br, I) and provide the best absorber among ABX_3 when the organic framework A is CH_3NH_3 by first-principles calculations. The results reveal that the valence band maximum(VBM) of the ABX_3 is mainly composed of anion X p states and that conduction band minimum(CBM) of the ABX_3 is primarily composed of cation B p states. The bandgap of the ABX_3 decreases and the absorptive capacities of different wavelengths of light expand when reducing the size of the organic framework A, changing the B atom from Pb to Sn, and changing the X atom from Cl to Br to I. Finally, based on our calculations, it is discovered that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3has the best optical properties and its light-adsorption range is the widest among all the ABX_3 compounds when A is CH_3NH_3. All these results indicate that the electronegativity difference between X and B plays a fundamental role in changing the energy gap and optical properties among ABX_3 compounds when A remains the same and that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3 is a promising perovskite absorber in the high efficiency solar batteries among all the CH_3NH_3BX_3 compounds. 相似文献
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