双(对-氨基苯基)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八甲基卟啉及其金属衍生物的合成与表征

从3-甲基-2,4-戊二酮出发,经多步反应合成了3,3′,4,4′-四-甲基-2,2′-二吡咯基甲烷(TMDPM),改进了合成TMDPM的脱羧反应.研究了TMDPM与对-硝基苯甲醛反应合成meso-5,15-双-苯基-卟啉反应,发现对-甲基苯磺酸是卟啉原合成的良好催化剂,2,3-二-氯-5,6二氰基-1,4-苯醌是将卟啉原转化为卟啉的良好氧化剂;硝基卟啉经SnCl₂还原成氨基卟啉后,用固-液抽提进行氨基卟啉的纯化,得到了5,15-双(对-硝基苯基)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八甲基卟啉、5,15-双(对-氨基苯基)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八甲基卟啉及其金属衍生物,并表征了其结构     

On the properties of electromagnetic waves propagating inside moving dielectric media

The properties of electromagnetic waves propagating inside isotropic or uniaxial dielectric media moving in an arbitrary direction are analysed. The scalar products of electromagnetic field vectors inside these moving media are investigated in the kEB system from Maxwell's equations and Lorentz-covariant constitutive relations. Several important equations are derived. They are useful in discussing problems such as the energy density and radiation pressure, which are of interest in theoretical studies and many application subjects.     

液相剥离石墨烯的电化学传感应用

石墨烯是一种新型二维碳材料,其比表面积大、导电性好、催化活性高、吸附能力强,是构筑高性能电化学传感器的理想材料.相对于石墨烯常用的氧化还原制备方法而言,液相剥离法具有过程简单、可控性强、高效环保以及对石墨烯结构破坏小等特点,在电化学传感领域备受关注.基于本课题组及国内外学者近年来的相关工作,本文重点综述了三种液相剥离石...     

稳态平板法测量导热系数的若干影响因素分析

研究发现,热源温度和环境温度等因素通过试样的侧面散热影响平板稳态法测量导热系数的精度,散热铜板的上下表面散热功率不一致也将影响导热系数测量的准确性.用大空间自然对流理论对实验数据处理公式修正后,可有效减小侧面散热对测量的影响.在设计实验时应首先获得散热铜板的散热功率曲线,选择合适的散热铜板温度,而后通过综合考虑试样厚度和热源温度以控制传热温差,使测量时散热铜板温度处于最佳温度附近.     

超声和钼靶X线检查对更年期女性乳腺微小肿块的诊断比较

本研究的目的是探讨超声和钼靶X线检查在更年期女性乳腺微小肿块诊断中的价值。选取乳腺微小肿块更年期女性患者115例,其中良性与恶性病变分别为79例和36例。患者均进行超声和钼靶X线检查,分析两种方法的图像特征及诊断价值。恶性病变超声图像边缘不光滑、有微钙化、纵横比>0.8比例、钼靶微小钙化比例明显高于良性病变(P<0.05);超声诊断恶性病变的灵敏性、准确性和阴性预测值明显高于钼靶X线检查(P<0.05)。直径1～2 cm恶性病灶钼靶诊断准确性明显高于直径<1 cm恶性病灶(P<0.05);直径<1 cm恶性病灶时,超声诊断准确性明显高于钼靶X线检查(P<0.05)。超声在更年期女性乳腺微小肿块诊断中的价值优于钼靶X线检查,尤其在直径<1 cm病灶中。     

卷云短波红外辐射特性

 采用离散纵标法耦合大气分子吸收,模拟计算了卷云大气的反射特性。研究了在短波波段卷云辐射性质随波长、卷云光学厚度、卷云有效尺度、云高和卷云中冰晶粒子形状等的变化关系,分析了卷云对大气红外背景辐射的影响。结果表明：在2.7 μm的水汽强吸收带上,卷云的出现明显增强了该波段的大气背景辐射,反射率随光学厚度和云高增大而增大。     

Tolman length of simple droplet: Theoretical study and molecular dynamics simulation

In 1949, Tolman found the relation between the surface tension and Tolman length, which determines the dimensional effect of the surface tension. Tolman length is the difference between the equimolar surface and the surface of tension. In recent years, the magnitude, expression, and sign of the Tolman length remain an open question. An incompressible and homogeneous liquid droplet model is proposed and the approximate expression and sign for Tolman length are derived in this paper. We obtain the relation between Tolman length and the radius of the surface of tension(R_s) and found that they increase with the Rs decreasing. The Tolman length of plane surface tends to zero. Taking argon for example, molecular dynamics simulation is carried out by using the Lennard–Jones(LJ) potential between atoms at a temperature of 90 K. Five simulated systems are used, with numbers of argon atoms being 10140, 10935, 11760, 13500, and 15360, respectively. By methods of theoretical study and molecular dynamics simulation, we find that the calculated value of Tolman length is more than zero, and it decreases as the size is increased among the whole size range. The value of surface tension increases with the radius of the surface of tension increasing, which is consistent with Tolman’s theory. These conclusions are significant for studying the size dependence of the surface tension.     

氮自由基启动的1,n-烯炔环化反应

C-N键广泛存在于药物、天然产物和功能材料中,而氮中心自由基在C-N键的构建中起到关键作用.但是,与广泛使用的碳中心自由基相比,氮中心自由基由于缺乏实用简便的产生方法而尚未得到充分研究.因此,发展高效的氮中心自由基引发反应迫在眉睫.在过去的几年里,得益于可信赖且可控制的自由基化学的兴起,可以通过热分解、氧化剂促进、金属...     

各向同性超弹性本构模型数值计算及验证

现有多种形式的橡胶本构模型试图预测橡胶力学性质,其中部分模型已写入有限元软件中用于仿真计算,还存在较多拟合性较好的模型无法在有限元材料库中直接获得。本文详述了由不变量和主伸长率描写的各向同性超弹性本构模型的数值实现方法,并结合最新的本构模型开发了UHYPER和UMAT子程序。将UHYPER用于有限元实现对多孔橡胶板的拉伸仿真,对比仿真和试验结果,验证子程序的正确性以及评估本构模型预测复杂应变场的准确性;将UMAT用于单轴、等双轴和剪切拉伸的有限元仿真,对比仿真和本构模型理论结果,验证子程序的可靠性。结果表明,有限元仿真结果与理论结果拟合较好,子程序能够契合本构模型的力学描述,所述方法可以用于超弹性材料的数值计算。     

旋转变换的几何意义及其在多元函数积分中的应用

介绍旋转变换的不同几何意义并给出它在多元函数积分中的几个应用实倒