Mitigation of energetic ion debris from Gd plasma using dual laser pulses and the combined effect with ambient gas

For the next-generation beyond extreme ultraviolet lithography(EUVL) sources, gadolinium(Gd) plasma with emission wavelength at 6.7 nm seems to be the leading candidate. Similar to the Sn target 13.5 nm light source, ion debris mitigation is one of the most important tasks in the laser-produced Gd plasma EUV source development. In this paper,a dual-laser-pulse scheme, which uses a low energy pulse to produce a pre-plasma and a main pulse after a time delay to shoot the pre-plasma, is employed to mitigate the energetic ion generation from the source. Optimal conditions(such as pre-pulse energy and wavelength, and the time delay between the pre-pulse and the main pulse for mitigating the ion energy) are experimentally obtained, and with the optimal conditions, the peak of the ion energy is found to be reduced to1/18 of that of a single laser pulse case. Moreover, the combined effect by applying ambient gas to the dual-pulse scheme for ion debris mitigation is demonstrated, and the result shows that the yield of Gd ions is further reduced to around 1/9 of the value for the case with dual laser pulses.     

腰椎运动链训练系统对腰椎间盘突出症患者术后腰椎功能与生物力学的影响

探讨腰椎运动链训练系统对腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation, LDH)术后腰椎功能与生物力学的影响。通过选取河南省信阳市中心医院收治的122例LDH患者,随机数字表法分组,各61例。两组均行手术治疗,对照组采取常规训练,观察组基于对照组采取腰椎运动链训练系统。比较2组干预效果。干预12周后、24周后观察组健侧、弱链侧平均振幅值、步幅、步频、腰背伸展状态平均功率(AP)、腰背伸展状态平均功率(PT)高于对照组,VAS评分及腰背屈/伸比(F/E)低于对照组(P<0.05);干预24周后观察组SF-36、BI评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。腰椎运动链训练系统可缓解LDH术后疼痛,改善下肢步态,恢复腰椎功能及生物力学,提高生活质量。     

微流控芯片系统在单细胞研究中的应用

微流控芯片具有网络式通道结构,扩展了在细胞和亚细胞水平进行生命科学研究的能力,为单细胞研究提供了一个新的平台.在微流控芯片通道中,人们利用气压、液压和电压,或利用介电电泳、光学陷阱、行波介电电泳以及磁场等技术,可以操纵细胞通过或驻留在通道内的任意位置,从而使单细胞计数、筛选以及胞内组分分析等操作大大简化.本文对微流控芯片系统在血液流变学、单细胞操纵与计数以及单细胞胞内组分分析中的应用进行了综述,介绍了用于单细胞研究的多种微芯片系统,讨论了芯片上进行单细胞操纵的各种方法