KNbO3：Fe晶体的时间微分效应及图像追踪

本文观察到了KNbO_3:Fe晶体的时间微分效应,并用这个微分效应进行了图像追踪的演示,为KNbO_3:Fe晶体在光折变器件领域的应用进行了有益的探索。     

回旋加速器有多大？

本文用氢原子的Ｂｏｈｒ半径ａ０及精细结构常数ａ 计算实验回旋加速器中给定能量粒子的轨道半径     

涟波箱水面波的传播速度问题

本文分析和描述涟波箱水面波中各质点的运动规律,应用“大学物理”中的理想流体稳定流动中的伯努利原理,对涟波箱水波传播速度与波长和水深的关系予以讨论,以了解涟波箱水面波传播速度的变化规律,有助于进一步理解涟波箱演示器的原理.     

饱和蒸汽通用状态方程(多重复合分子模型)

本文在作者1978年提出的《一个新的实际气体通用状态方程》的基础上,进一步考虑到饱和蒸汽中出现多重复合分子(双分子、三分子、四分子、……)的可能性,得出了一个饱和蒸汽的对比状态方程.它具有通用、精确、形式简单、所需经验常数很少(主要是临界参数)、适用参数范围宽广、物理概念清楚等特点.     

四角或三角畸变立方晶场中(3d)~1过渡金属离子的劈裂因子

对四角或三角畸变立方晶场中的(3d)~1离子,在已有的静电晶场理论的基础上,采用“集团模型”,进一步引入,及,并考虑E_g混入T_(2g),导出适用于四角或三角畸变立方晶场各种可能情况的,公式。讨论了,随各参量的变化。发现△g-(δ/λ_0)曲线出现一明显高峰,对此作了进一步的分析讨论。对取自文献的八个实验结果作了拟合与解释。     

时间相关单光子计数法测量时间分辨发射光谱

许多处于高能态的分子(包括自由基、离子、络合物、聚集体等)可以以发射光子的方式弛豫到较低能量状态。此时,所产生的光辐射在不同波长处的强度分布(发射光谱)能提供有关分子的结构、状态方面的重要资料。当处于高能态分子由于种种原因而引起其结构、状态发生变化时,它产生的发     

基于拉曼光谱鉴定黑色签字笔笔迹的种类与书写时间

黑色签字笔字迹种类与书写时间的鉴定一直是国内外法庭科学研究领域的热点问题。基于拉曼光谱法的分辨率高、稳定性好、效率高以及无损检测等优点,对收集的16种品牌或牌号的黑色签字笔字迹样本进行测试。完成同一品牌或牌号同一时间在不同存储条件(暗室和光照)与不同纸张本底(复印纸和笔记本)字迹样本的制备。将样本字迹剪裁,双面胶固定在载玻片上,放入储存箱内避光保存,间隔一段时间对样品进行测试,测试工作共持续1年,形成图谱数据库。在考察实验条件如测量点、激光功率及共焦类型等因素影响的基础上,筛选出最佳条件。在此条件基础上,检测黑色签字笔在不同书写时间、储存环境、纸张本底等条件下的字迹样本。实验结果表明:(1)存储条件(暗室和光照)、纸张本底(复印纸和笔记本)等不同条件下,同种黑色签字笔字迹的拉曼位移相同,重复性好,受水和纸张等本底的干扰较小。(2)根据拉曼位移的差异可将16种黑色签字笔分成5类。(3)以2#样本为例, 1 140 cm^-1处拉曼光谱特征峰,归属为酯类化合物的C-O伸缩振动ν(CO)。酯类化合物的含量随着时间延长而不断减少,因此随着书写时间越久远,特征峰的相对强度越大(8→1)。通过拟合后计算出相对面积数值I,样本书写时间越早,I值越大,反之I值越小。研究结果可用于快速、准确、无损判定黑色签字笔字迹的种类和推断其相对书写时间。     

强耦合腔-QED系统中原子的纳秒脉冲激发光谱研究

本文在多原子强耦合腔-QED系统中,利用脉冲宽度为5 ns的强脉冲光在垂直于腔轴方向直接激发原子,脉冲的峰值功率为40 mW,通过光学腔观测激发原子辐射到腔中的光子获得相应的激发光谱。我们发现当光场频率和原子跃迁失谐±80 MHz时原子激发率达到最大,而在共振时原子激发被抑制。我们建立了脉冲光与三能级原子相互作用的模型,通过缀饰态能够解释此现象。     

Second harmonic magnetoacoustic responses of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

Due to the unique magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties, magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) have comprehensive applications as the contrast and therapeutic agents in biomedical imaging and magnetic hyperthermia. The linear and nonlinear magnetoacoustic responses determined by the magnetic properties of MNPs have attracted more and more attention in biomedical engineering. By considering the relaxation time of MNPs, we derive the formulae of second harmonic magnetoacoustic responses(2H-MARs) for a cylindrical MNP solution model based on the mechanical oscillations of MNPs in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI). It is proved that only the second harmonic magnetoacoustic oscillations can be generated by MNPs under an alternating magnetic excitation. The acoustic pressure of the 2H-MAR is proportional to the square of the magnetic field intensity and exhibits a linear increase with the concentration of MNPs. Numerical simulations of the 2H-MAR are confirmed by the experimental measurements for various magnetic field intensities and solution concentrations using a laser vibrometer. The favorable results demonstrate the feasibility of the harmonic measurements without the fundamental interference of the electromagnetic excitation, and suggest a new harmonic imaging strategy of MAT-MI for MNPs with enhanced spatial resolution and improved signal-to-noise ratio in biomedical applications.     

Adjacency effect estimation by ground spectra measurement and satellite optical sensor synchronous observation data

This paper addresses the estimation of adjacency effect of CBERS-2 image. The adjacency effect influences the digital number (DN) value of a pixel by adding surrounding scattering signals and path scattering signals. Based on the theory of radiation transfer model, a procedure is designed to measure the reflectance from the surface target materials and the materials in a box, which is 1.5 m above the surface to avoid upwelling reflectance. The results show that the adjacency effect varies from visible, near infrared and becomes steady within short infrared wavelength region; the adjacency effect weakens with the increase of distance between testing sites. The adjacency effect of CBERS-2 image is corrected and the quality of the resulting image is improved.