苯三甲酸-水分子为主体晶格的四丁基铵层状包合物的合成与晶体结构

合成了一种新颖的苯三甲酸 -水分子为主体晶格的四丁基铵氢键包合物 ,(C4H9) 4 N+ [1,3 ,5 C6H3 (COOH) 2 (COO-) ]·2H2 O ,并进行了X射线晶体结构分析 .晶体为单斜晶系 ,P2 1 /c空间群 ,a =1 3 62 1( 2 )nm ,b =1 3 691( 2 )nm ,c =1 60 94( 2 )nm ,β =10 9 665 ( 3 )° ,V =2 82 61( 7)nm3 ,Z =4,R1 =0 0 5 0 8,wR =0 12 17.包合物中 ,苯三甲酸阴离子之间通过 3位与 5位羧基形成的O—H…O分子间氢键键连成沿b轴无限延伸的锯齿形长链 .位于长链较大空隙处的单一氢键键连的水分子二聚体 ,同时与两酸根的羧基生成给体氢键 ,形成一条苯三甲酸阴离子 -水分子复合宽带 .位于宽带外侧的 1位羧基与相邻宽带的水分子生成的氢键 ,将这些宽带连成平行于 ( 0 0 1)面的层状氢键主体晶格 .四丁基铵阳离子层填充在相邻主体晶格的层间空隙处 ,构成“三明治”式夹层结构的包合物     

应用化学专业实验教学综合改革探索

简要介绍正在实施的新的应用化学专业实验课程体系及正在开展的“面向 2 1世纪化学实验课程教学综合改革与研究”项目的内容、进展及初步效果     

四-(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉间接分光光度法测定痕量锌

近年来,四-(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉〔T(4-TAP)P〕与铜和锌的显色反应条件及其在分析上的应用已有报导,但在测定锌时,受到铜的严重干扰,限制了方法的应用范围。我们在pH4.5醋酸介质中,形成锌络合物,后加入稍为过量的铜,使剩余的试剂全部转化为络合物,用硫酸将溶液酸化至0.15M,这时,仅锌络合物完全分解,通过测定释放出试剂在Soret带的吸光度间接测定锌,以此消除铜的干扰。本方法λ_(max)=432nm,ε_(432)=     

Preliminary research on the relationship between long-range correlations and predictability

By establishing the Markov model for a long-range correlated time series (LRCS) and analysing its evolutionary characteristics, this paper defines a physical effective correlation length (ECL) τ, which reflects the predictability of the LRCS. It also finds that the ECL has a better power law relation with the long-range correlated exponent γ of the LRCS: τ= Kexp (-γ/0.3)+Y, (0 < γ < 1) -- the predictability of the LRCS decays exponentially with the increase of γ. It is then applied to a daily maximum temperature series (DMTS) recorded at 740 stations in China between the years 1960--2005 and calculates the ECL of the DMTS. The results show the remarkable regional distributive feature that the ECL is about 10--14 days in west, northwest and northern China, and about 5--10 days in east, southeast and southern China. Namely, the predictability of the DMTS is higher in central-west China than in east and southeast China. In addition, the ECL is reduced by 1--8 days in most areas of China after subtracting the seasonal oscillation signal of the DMTS from its original DMTS; however, it is only slightly altered when the decadal linear trend is removed from the original DMTS. Therefore, it is shown that seasonal oscillation is a significant component of daily maximum temperature evolution and may provide a basis for predicting daily maximum temperatures. Seasonal oscillation is also significant for guiding general weather predictions, as well as seasonal weather predictions.     

一种新的测定诺氟沙星的化学发光分析法

基于在碱性条件下,诺氟沙星(NFLX)对鲁米诺-过氧化氢(Luminol-H2O2)化学发光体系的化学发光信号有强烈的抑制作用,建立了一种简单、快速、可连续测定诺氟沙星的流动注射化学发光分析新方法.该方法线性范围为7.0×10-8-1.0×10-6mol/L,检出限(3σ)为1×10-8mol/L,对3.0×10-7m...     

Exchange-coupling-induced fourfold magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB/FeRh bilayer grown on SrTiO3(001)

Exchange coupling across the interface between a ferromagnetic (FM) layer and an antiferromagnetic (AFM) or another FM layer may induce a unidirectional magnetic anisotropy and/or a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, which has been extensively studied due to the important application in magnetic materials and devices. In this work, we observed a fourfold magnetic anisotropy in amorphous CoFeB layer when exchange coupling to an adjacent FeRh layer which is epitaxially grown on an SrTiO₃(001) substrate. As the temperature rises from 300 K to 400 K, FeRh film undergoes a phase transition from AFM to FM phase, the induced fourfold magnetic anisotropy in the CoFeB layer switches the orientation from the FeRh$\langle 110\rangle $ to FeRh$\langle 100\rangle $ directions and the strength is obviously reduced. In addition, the effective magnetic damping as well as the two-magnon scattering of the CoFeB/FeRh bilayer also remarkably increase with the occurrence of magnetic phase transition of FeRh. No exchange bias is observed in the bilayer even when FeRh is in the nominal AFM state, which is probably because the residual FM FeRh moments located at the interface can well separate the exchange coupling between the below pinned FeRh moments and the CoFeB moments.     

PEM燃料电池内水分布和温度分布的数值模拟

本文建立了一个两相流、非等温、三维模型来研究PEM燃料电池内的传递过程,讨论了其内部水分布和温度分布特性。模拟结果表明水分布和温度分布都不均匀。沿着流动方向阳极侧水浓度逐渐降低,而阴极侧水浓度却不断升高,导致阴极容易形成液态水;在垂直流动方向上,脊下水的浓度和液态水饱和度都高于流道下;不同放电电压下阴极GDL中液态水分布趋势不同。沿流动方向温度逐渐降低,反应气体不足时降低梯度更大;脊下膜电极中温度低于流道下;垂直膜电极方向上最高温度在阴极催化层,放电电压越低,温度梯度越大;相同放电电压下质子交换膜越厚,各处的温度越低,温度梯度也越小。     

强降水持续过程对上海市内交通经济损失评估模型初探

通过探讨极端降水与城市道路交通受灾损失之间的关系确定灾损函数曲线,首先构建城市道路积水排尽模型、积水持续时间模型,以及道路积水的经济损失评估模型等理论模型,再引入与道路抗涝能力相关的社会经济因子,最终构建了一个极端降水对道路交通造成经济损失的估算模型.经检验,该模型具有较好的模拟性能和适用性,且所需输入变量少,计算简便,适合地区经济损失的快速评估.从该模型出发,确定了上海地区逐年极端降水降水强度和总过程降水量的阈值,从而提出一个新的极端降水定义方法——随影响因子变化的固定阈值法,该方法突出了极端降水给社会 关键词： 极端降水 极端降水-经济损失模型 阈值     

对苯二酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法、计时安培法研究了对苯二酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为,计算得到了碳纳米管修饰电极有效面积Aeff=23.9mm2以及对苯二酚电化学氧化过程的一些重要参数:传递系数α=0.630;控制步骤的反应电子数nα=1.03;反应速率常数k′=3.74×10-2cm/s;扩散系数D=2.85×10-6cm2/s。实验结果显示,本实验条件下对苯二酚在碳纳米管修饰电极上的氧化反应受扩散过程控制,为前行化学反应(CE),对苯二酚在失去电子之前先经历了一个脱氢的过程。微分脉冲伏安结果显示,催化氧化峰电流与对苯二酚浓度在1×10-4~6×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达4.0×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。