氢氧反应对钯催化剂结构的要求——Ⅰ.过量氧下氢氧反应的研究

本文用低温氮吸附、X-射线衍射分析测定了钯催化剂载体的比表面和晶相。用H_2-O_2滴定、透射电镜、ESCA能谱仪测定了钯的分散状态和钯的化学状态。考察了过量氧下的氢氧反应对载体和催化剂上述性质的要求。结果表明,在一定范围内,该反应对钯催化剂载体的性质、催化剂的制备条件以及钯的晶粒大小要求不严。因而进一步论证了该反应属于非构敏性反应。     

甲烷的催化燃烧 La,Ce和Y离子对高比表面MnO_2的改性作用

在高比表面ＭｎＯ２前体中添加Ｌａ，Ｃｅ和Ｙ等离子，用ＢＥＴ，ＸＲＤ和Ｈ２ＴＰＲ等技术研究了其对ＭｎＯ２的改性作用．结果表明，与未加助剂的ＭｎＯ２催化剂相比，Ｌａ／ＭｎＯ２，Ｃｅ／ＭｎＯ２和Ｙ／ＭｎＯ２催化剂对甲烷催化燃烧的活性有所降低，但３种离子均有效地阻止ＭｎＯ２在高温下结晶，提高催化剂的热稳定性，使其在高温下可维持较大的比表面积．综合考虑催化剂的活性和稳定性，Ｙ离子对ＭｎＯ２的改性作用最佳．     

石墨负载Pt催化剂的制备、表征及活性研究

Pt/graphite catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O as precursor. The catalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and its degradation ability for oxalic acid was evaluated. The preparation parameters, including the reduction temperature, Pt loading and pyrolysis were studied. The optimal preparation conditions were 350 ℃ with Pt loading of 1.0%. Results show that the loading of Pt can significantly enhance catalytic activity of graphite and that Pt/graphite catalytic ozonation can effectively remove oxalic acid in aqueous solution. The BET surface area of graphite is much smaller than that of activated carbon, however, the catalytic activity of Pt/graphite towards oxalic acid degradation is higher than that of Pt/AC. The XPS results indicate that the active phase at catalyst surface is in the form of Pt⁰. Compared with that of reduction process in hydrogen, the activity of Pt/graphite catalyst decreases when it is prepared by pyrolysis in air due to the lower Pt dispersion on graphite surface.     

非均匀外力对粗粒化DNA穿孔行为影响的模拟研究

通过建立DNA高分子的粗粒化模型,采用分子动力学方法模拟其穿孔行为,研究了不同的孔内非均匀外力对DNA高分子穿孔的影响.外力及高分子链内部势能在分子水平下对单体的综合作用很复杂,某些条件穿孔过程会产生后面粒子超过前面粒子而使高分子链堵塞在孔内的情况.研究还发现,穿孔行为是否成功与孔口力的大小有关,在成功穿孔的情况下,非均匀外力相比于恒力情况穿孔时间至少减少了1/2.这些结果对理解DNA复杂的穿孔机理提供了新的视角.     

基于脉冲变压器和脉冲形成网络的高压脉冲源北大核心CSCD

为了满足在高电压状态下对氧化锌陶瓷（ZnO）元件的检测需要,研制了一种基于脉冲变压器和脉冲形成网络（PFN）的,输出电压范围10-80kV可调,波形为近方波的高压脉冲源。根据实际研制过程,分别介绍了高压脉冲源的设计、仿真及系统电路构建。测试了高压脉冲源在标准负载（匹配）和氧化锌陶瓷负载上的输出情况。结果显示：脉冲顶降小于3%,顶部波动小于1.5%,前后沿指标均满足要求。因而,高压脉冲源可以用于氧化锌陶瓷的性能检测。     

碱性聚合物电解质膜的表面锥形阵列结构提升燃料电池性能

燃料电池作为一种清洁高效的能量转换装置,被认为是构建未来社会可再生能源结构的关键一环。不同于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC),碱性聚合物电解质燃料电池(APEFC)的出现使非贵金属催化剂的使用成为可能,因而受到了日益广泛的关注和研究。APEFC的关键结构是膜电极,主要由聚合物电解质膜和阴阳极(含催化层、气体扩散层)组成,膜电极是电化学反应发生的场所,其优劣直接决定着电池性能的好坏。因此,基于现有的碱性聚合物电解质及催化剂体系,如何构筑更加优化的膜电极结构,使APEFC发挥出更高的电池性能是亟待开展的研究。本文首先通过模板法在碱性聚合物电解质膜的表面构建出有序的锥形阵列,再将具有阵列结构的一侧作为阴极来构筑膜电极,同时,作为对比,制备了由无阵列结构的聚合物电解质膜构筑而成的膜电极,最后对基于两种不同膜电极的APEFC的电化学性能进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,锥形阵列结构可以将APEFC的峰值功率密度由1.04 W·cm-2显著提高到1.48 W·cm-2,这主要归因于在APEFC的阴极侧具有锥形阵列结构的聚合物电解质膜的亲水性的提升和催化剂电化学活性面积的增加。本工作为碱性聚合物电解质燃...     

Synchronization performance in time-delayed random networks induced by diversity in system parameter

Synchronization rhythm and oscillating in biological systems can give clues to understanding the cooperation and competition between cells under appropriate biological and physical conditions. As a result, the network setting is appreciated to detect the stability and transition of collective behaviors in a network with different connection types. In this paper, the synchronization performance in time-delayed excitable homogeneous random networks(EHRNs) induced by diversity in system parameters is investigated by calculating the synchronization parameter and plotting the spatiotemporal evolution pattern, and distinct impacts induced by parameter-diversity are detected by setting different time delays. It is found that diversity has no distinct effect on the synchronization performance in EHRNs with small time delay being considered. When time delay is increased greatly, the synchronization performance of EHRN degenerates remarkably as diversity is increased. Surprisingly, by setting a moderate time delay, appropriate parameter-diversity can promote the synchronization performance in EHRNs, and can induce the synchronization transition from the asynchronous state to the weak synchronization. Moreover, the bistability phenomenon, which contains the states of asynchronous state and weak synchronization,is observed. Particularly, it is confirmed that the parameter-diversity promoted synchronization performance in time-delayed EHRN is manifested in the enhancement of the synchronization performance of individual oscillation and the increase of the number of synchronization transitions from the asynchronous state to the weak synchronization. Finally, we have revealed that this kind of parameter-diversity promoted synchronization performance is a robust phenomenon.     

Ag-Cu纳米颗粒修饰的N掺杂TiO2纳米棒阵列及其高效光催化CO2还原应用

本文采用微纳加工方法制备了负载高密度Ag-Cu纳米颗粒的N掺杂TiO₂纳米棒阵列样品. 通过TiO₂的N掺杂,可将其吸光范围调控至与Ag纳米颗粒的等离激元吸收频率相匹配的波段,从而实现复合材料中肖特基结与共振能量转移过程的协同作用. 与此同时,Cu纳米颗粒可以为CO₂还原提供活性位点. 在全谱光照射下,复合样品光催化CO₂还原的活性显著提高,CH₄生成速率可达720 μmol·g^-1·h^-1.     

Dynamics of Vortex-Wave under a Travelling-Wave Modulation

The mechanism of destabilization is studied for the rotating vortices （scroll waves and spiral waves） in excitable media induced by a parameter modulation in the form of a travelling-wave. It is found that a rigid rotating spiral in the two-dimensional （2D） system undergoes a synchronized drift along a straight line, and a 3D scroll ring with its filament closed into a circle can be reoriented only if the direction of wave number of a travelling-wave perturbation is parallel to the ring plane. Then, in order to describe the behaviour of the synchronized drift of spiral wave and the reorientation of scroll ring, the approximate formulas are given to exhibit qualitative agreements with the observed results.     

非均匀可激介质中的螺旋波

以Barkley模型为对象,研究了可激介质的非均匀性对螺旋波斑图形成的影响.该模型中各参数与可激介质的属性密切相关,通过参数涨落的正态分布来刻画非均匀性,数值研究了单参数以及多参数涨落的正态分布情形下螺旋波斑图的形成.研究表明,可激介质的非均匀性对于螺旋波波纹的粗细及疏密程度有较大影响.参数涨落分布的方差越大,形成的螺旋波波纹越粗糙.对于两参数均匀分布的极端情形,当参数分布大于某一范围,无法形成螺旋波.这些都与螺旋波旋转的角频率密切相关.螺旋波旋转的角频率越大,螺旋波波纹越粗,同时波纹越密集;反之,螺旋波 关键词： 螺旋波 非均匀介质 Barkley模型