森林土壤多角度高光谱偏振反射影响研究初探

应用高光谱仪实测了部分典型森林土壤在不同状态下的多角度高光谱偏振反射数据,从光线入射天顶角、探测天顶角、探测方位角、偏振状态、土壤含水量、土壤粒径等不同影响因子对所测土壤的多角度高光谱偏振反射数据进行了初步分析与研究,结果发现这些因子对森林土壤光谱曲线均有影响,但主要影响森林土壤反射比值,对森林土壤光谱谱形影响不大.根据森林土壤光谱特征和实验得出的结论,作者设计出遥感中森林土壤波谱探测的最佳设计方式,保证最佳的森林土壤的遥感状态.这不仅是对森林土壤性质的测试做出了新尝试,而且对多角度偏振高光谱的深入研究具有一定的理论与实践意义.     

The remote implementation of all possible generalized quantum measurement on single atomic qubit in a quantum network

To implement generalized quantum measurement (GQM) one has to extend the original Hilbert space. Generally speaking, the additional dimensions of the ancilla space increase as the number of the operators of the GQM n increases. This paper presents a scheme for deterministically implementing all possible n-operator GQMs on a single atomic qubit by using only one 2-dimensional ancillary atomic qubit repeatedly, which remarkably reduces the complexity of the realistic physical system. Here the qubit is encoded in the internal states of an atom trapped in an optical cavity and single-photon pulses are employed to provide the interaction between qubits. It shows that the scheme can be performed remotely, and thus it is suitable for implementing GQM in a quantum network. What is more, the number of the total ancilla dimensions in our scheme achieves the theoretic low bound.     

Realization of Arbitrary Positive-Operator-Value Measurement of Single Atomic Qubit via Cavity QED

Positive-operator-value measurement （POVM） is the most general class of quantum measurement. We propose a scheme to deterministically implement arbitrary POVMs of single atomic qubit via cavity QED catalysed by only one ancilla atomic qubit. By appropriately entangling two atomic qubits and sequentially measuring the ancilla qubit, any POVM can be implemented step by step. As an application of our scheme, the realization of a specific POVM for optimal unambiguous discrimination （OUD） between two nonorthogonal states is given.     

HMeBMPPT的合成及其对铀!的萃取机理研究(英文)

0IntroductionThere has been significant interest in recentyears in the study of ligands with soft donor atoms[1￣4],e.g.N,S,as extractants to separate actinide and lan-thanide from effluents during the nuclear fuel repro-cessing cycle for improving the management of ra-dioactive wastes.And it has been demonstrated thatthe“soft”donor ligands have higher affinity for ac-tinide and lanthanide,such as synergism extraction forAm/Eu with HBMPPT and TOPO which distributionratio can increase to…     

斑马鱼直线加速游动试验研究

海洋生物低噪音、高速、髙效游动能力是任何人造水下航行器所无法比拟的. 借助时间解析粒子图像测速技术对斑马鱼直线加速游动过程进行精细流场测量, 对其运动学行为特性和动力学机理进行分析. 同时应用双正交分解对涡量场进行模态分解, 获取流场的时间演化和空间分布特征. 从流动机理的角度探究斑马鱼游动过程的流动结构特征及旋涡动态演化特性. 试验结果表明: 流动可视化展现了整体涡流尾迹的结构分布,方便探究运动特性与旋涡尾迹之间的耦合关系. 斑马鱼从运动开始时体干保持着鲹科式的运动规律, 游动时的动能主要由前几次大幅的摆尾过程提供, 后续的摆尾主要调整方向及姿态. 两次不同方向的摆尾动作会形成一对方向相反的旋涡, 并在时序下旋涡逐渐脱落. 同时尾流的涡量变化在一定程度上反映鱼体的游向的变化. 基于双正交分解分解后的时间演化结果验证本次试验在时间上涡量场具有合理的恒定幅度, 空间分布表明低阶空间模态表征斑马鱼游动的主要涡流动结构, 高阶空间模态表征涡流动的细节结构. 研究鱼类游动时的摆尾推进机制与动力学特性能够为高效率的仿鱼类推进装置设计提供一定科学参考.      

自由面对潜艇尾流场流动特性影响研究

潜艇周围绕流场流动特性会影响潜艇的机动性能, 特别是近水面航行时, 自由面的存在会增大潜艇尾流场的复杂程度.为探究潜艇在近水面航行时自由液面对潜艇尾流场流动特性的影响机理,借助大型水下三维粒子图像测速技术开展潜艇尾流场流动特性研究.首先通过美国泰勒水池标准模型实验结果对试验方法准确性进行验证; 随后,用验证后的模型试验方法对潜艇尾流场进行测量,得到不同潜深工况、不同速度下的桨盘面轴向速度以及脉动速度,同时辅以数值模拟对试验无法测得的兴波波系及中纵剖面速度场加以补充,从兴波角度阐述了自由面对潜艇尾流场流动特性影响机理. 研究结果表明:潜艇在近水面航行时, 随着Fr增大,桨盘面处轴向速度云图中上方等值线整体趋于扁平化, 较4D潜深工况,1.5D潜深工况出现局部脉动速度极大值, 且脉动速度结构整体下移; 自由面存在时,艇体与自由面间流场速度明显增大, 特别在桨盘面区域, 流场速度明显提升.随着Fr增大, 桨盘面处的自由液面高度逐渐降低,这就导致了桨盘面位置出现更大的流体速度, 即造成了桨盘面伴流场挤压现象.      

DP980与DP780双相钢帽型梁轴向冲击实验对比

作为汽车及航空工业中主要承载和碰撞吸能部件,帽型薄壁梁可通过自身结构塑性变形实现被动吸能。因此,研究帽型薄壁梁结构在冲击载荷作用下的变形模式和吸能特性对其被动安全设计具有重要的意义。分别对DP980和DP780双相钢帽型薄壁梁结构开展了落锤轴向冲击实验,并对其变形位移、峰值载荷、变形模态和能量吸收能力进行分析。研究结果表明:无论是DP980还是DP780帽型梁试件,在受到冲击载荷作用时,均从试件上部发生塑性屈曲变形并形成褶皱,其下部则无明显变形;DP980帽型梁冲击变形更小,残余高度更高,宜作为抗冲击变形防护结构;DP780帽型梁最终屈曲变形产生褶皱更多,冲击载荷作用时间增加,峰值载荷更低,宜作为抗冲击载荷防护结构。综合考虑吸能效果, DP980帽型梁的能量吸收能力与DP780帽型梁相近,研究结果为冲击防护结构的选材提供依据。     

An Inequality Concerning Quantitative Duality in an Asymmetry Two-Way Interferometer

We reinvestigate the measures concerning the notion of duality of a quantum system （the ＂quanton＂） in an asymmetry two-way interferometer. A new measure of the which-way information is introduced, which is based on the fidelity ~ instead of the trace distance Q of the final states of the which-way detector. An improved inequality is derived to be V2 ≤ （R0^2 -P2）（1 -F）2, which is more stringent than the previous one of V2 ≤ （1 -P2）（1 - Q2）.