基于数学形态学滤波的多刻度法

本文主要讨论了用数学形态学开运算滤波形成二维图形的刻度空间图象,给出了保证开滤波单调性的定理,即当开滤波参数从较细刻度向粗刻度变化时,作为图象特征的过零点数目不增。所得结论不同于Poggio等人关于Gauss滤波器是唯一具有这种单调性的滤波器之结论。此外,开滤波运算的计算量比Gauss滤波要少得多。     

二氧化碳从它溶胀后的聚合物中的解吸

研究了经过４０℃,８．０￣１４．０ＭＰａ的超临界二氧化碳溶胀后的６种聚合物ＬＤＰＥ、ＰＰ、ＰＡ６、ＥＶＡ、ＰＵ中的ＣＯ２解吸情况,模拟了聚合物中ＣＯ２的解吸规律,即以时间的自然指数递减规律,并根据Ｆｉｃｋ扩散定理从理论上推导出ＣＯ２在聚合物中的解吸方程,由解吸方程计算解吸扩散系数,结果表明ＣＯ２的解吸扩散系数数量级达１０＾－７ｃｍ＾２／ｓ,解吸扩散系数与ＣＯ２在聚合物中的浓度和温度以及解吸前聚合物     

固态法制备含钼组分碱金属离子Y分子筛性质的比较

利用固态离子交换法制备含钼组分碱金属离子Y分子筛 ,红外光谱和X射线衍射表明碱金属离子的交换度随离子半径增大而变小。含钼组分分子筛催化剂显现出很高的合成醇选择性 ,且随碱金属离子碱性增加 ,高碳醇比例增加。     

不同散射介质对飞秒脉冲激光传输特性影响研究

基于分层传输模型和Mie散射理论,在粒子散射模型中充分考虑了谱分布特征,数值模拟了800 nm飞秒激光在冰云、水云、雾、气溶胶和降雨环境中的传输特性.结果表明,谱分布和粒子相态对光丝传输特性有较大的影响.雨滴的粒径较大,光丝在降雨环境中传输时,由于散射导致的能量衰减最强,产生的光丝峰值光强和能量最低.同时,光丝能量在空间的分布不均,产生了明显的多丝结构,并导致光丝长度缩短.水云和雾具有类似的谱分布特征,光丝在水云和雾中的传输特性十分相似.但由于雾中的粒子尺度更小,光丝的能量较高,光丝分布更集中.气溶胶对光丝的散射最弱,因此在传输前期没有对光丝的结构产生影响,并以稳定的单丝结构传输,光丝的峰值光强和能量最高,但在距离成丝位置一段距离后光丝结构才逐渐出现扰动.相同谱分布下,由于冰粒子的散射能力强于水粒子,造成光丝在冰云中的能量更低,光丝分布不集中,光丝的数量明显增多.     

Investigation of a method to calculate spontaneous radiation spectra from relativistic electrons in undulators

Undulators are key devices to produce brilliant synchrotron radiation at the synchrotron radiation facilities. In this paper we present a numerical computing method, including the computing program that has been developed to calculate the spontaneous radiation emitted from relativistic electrons in undulators by simulating the electrons＇ trajectory. The effects of electron beam emittance and energy spread have also been taken into account. Comparing with other computing methods available at present, this method has a few advantages with respect to several aspects. It can adopt any measured or arbitrarily simulated 3D magnetic field and arbitrary electron beam pattern for the calculation and it＇s able to analyze undulators of any type of magnetic structure. It＇s expected to predict precisely the practical radiation spectrum. The calculation results of a short period in-vacuum undulator and an Elliptically Polarized Undulator （EPU） at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility （SSRF） are presented as examples.     

Light-scattering model for aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions using a parallelized pseudo-spectral time-domain technique

To improve the modeling accuracy of radiative transfer, the scattering properties of aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions should be simulated accurately. To this end, a light-scattering model for nonspherical particles is established based on the pseudo-spectral time domain(PSTD) technique. In this model, the perfectly matched layer with auxiliary differential equation(ADE-PML), an excellent absorption boundary condition(ABC) in the finite difference time domain generalized for the PSTD, and the weighted total field/scattered field(TF/SF) technique is employed to introduce the incident light into 3 D computational domain. To improve computational efficiency, the model is further parallelized using the Open MP technique. The modeling accuracy of the PSTD scheme is validated against Lorenz–Mie, Aden–Kerker, T-matrix theory and DDA for spheres, inhomogeneous particles and nonspherical particles, and the influence of the spatial resolution and thickness of ADE-PML on the modeling accuracy is discussed as well. Finally, the parallel computational efficiency of the model is also analyzed. The results show that an excellent agreement is achieved between the results of PSTD and well-tested scattering models, where the simulation errors of extinction efficiencies are generally smaller than 1%, indicating the high accuracy of our model. Despite its low spatial resolution, reliable modeling precision can still be achieved by using the PSTD technique, especially for large particles. To suppress the electromagnetic wave reflected by the absorption layers, a six-layer ADE-PML should be set in the computational domain at least.     

稀土(镧)硫醇盐的合成与表征

以三氧化二镧为原料, 经过醇化, 制备了三(月桂硫醇)镧及三(巯基乙酸异辛酯)镧, 并对合成方法进行了优化. 采用热失重分析、FTIR光谱、感应耦合等离子色谱、元素分析和1H NMR对目标产物进行了表征. 确定合成稀土异丙醇盐最佳反应条件为: 反应温度80 ℃, 反应时间2 h; 合成三(月桂硫醇)镧的反应条件为反应温度110 ℃, 反应时间2 h, 月桂硫醇的摩尔分数过量24％; 合成三(巯基乙酸异辛酯)镧的反应条件为反应温度60 ℃, 反应时间2 h, 月桂硫醇过量32％.     

聚丙烯共混物对的界面张力和界面特性

本文测定了一系列参照液体的表面张力和液体在PP,PS,PET,ABS,SBS,PE和尼龙6高聚物薄膜上的接触角,分别用Zisman和Kealble的方法得到各固体高聚物的表面张力,进而计算聚丙烯分别对其它六种高聚物的界面张力。并利用扫描电子显微镜和DSC研究的结果,说明了界面张力越大的聚丙烯共混物,其界面上的相互作用较小,分散相分散越不均匀。而聚丙烯在界面上的结晶行为的变化却取决于另一组分表面张力的极性分量,不取决于表面张力。同时也说明了,表面张力极性分量较大的高聚物对聚丙烯起成核剂作用,致使聚丙烯在共混物中的过冷结晶峰向高温方向移动。     

聚丙烯/尼龙6挤出原位成纤后的牵引作用

用挤出机共混挤出聚丙烯和尼龙6，加工中尼龙6作为分散相在聚丙烯中形成微纤。改变挤出物挤出模口后所受的牵引作用的速度会产生材料形态与力学性能的变化。发现随牵引速度的提高，尼龙6微纤的平均直径变小，尺寸分布更均匀，力学性能也随之提高。差热分析表明，随牵引速度的增加聚丙烯与尼龙6的相容性略有提高，X-射线衍射分析表明拉伸作用对尼龙纤维晶体中分子链的取向无影响。     

镧配合物对等规聚丙烯等温结晶性能的影响

利用Avrami方程和Lauritzen-Hoffman结晶动力学理论研究了一种镧配合物LaC对等规聚丙烯(iPP) 等温结晶行为的影响. 差示扫描量热法(DSC)和X射线衍射技术(XRD)研究表明, LaC的加入并未改变iPP的结晶形态, 但LaC的存在能提高体系的结晶度并显著加速iPP的结晶过程. 在130 ℃进行等温结晶时, 含0.5%LaC(质量分数)的iPP与纯iPP相比, Avrami指数n值无显著差异, 但前者总的结晶速率常数k值比后者提高约4倍,而半结晶时间t1/2值减少到后者的62%, Avrami方程分析结果表明LaC的存在主要起到增加晶核的作用. 利用Lauritzen-Hoffman结晶动力学理论, 通过对iPP在121 ℃、124 ℃、127 ℃和130 ℃下等温结晶的数据进行分析可知, 加入0.5%的LaC后, 体系的成核常数kg从纯PP的3.3×105 K2增加到PP/LaC的3.8×105 K2, 而结晶生长时大分子在垂直于分子链方向折叠的界面自由能σe从纯PP的0.223 J·m-2降低到PP/LaC的0.154 J·m-2, 表明LaC在iPP结晶过程中不仅起到增加晶核的作用, 同时使大分子链更易排入晶格, 即起到促进结晶成长的作用.