撫順頁岩油柴油餾分的烴族組成

本文首先介紹了撫順頁岩油酸洗油166～350°各窄餾分的化學組成。所應用的研究方法為蒸餾、吸附及尿素結晶抽提等,其中以吸附分離為主.試驗結果說明各餾分含有89～90％(重量)的烴及10～11％的非烴,烷-環烷的含量隨着餾分沸點的昇高而增大,由31.3％增至41.0％,其中正構烷約佔三分二。不飽和烴約佔各餾分的三分之一,其中直鏈烯約佔一半。各餾分中芳煙的含量大致都很接近。又應用類似的方法對撫順頁岩油柴油寬餾分(166～350°)進行了詳細烴族組成研究。不同之處就是應用了粗孔硅膠作為吸附劑的冲洗色譜法代替酸洗祛分離煙與非烴。所得結果烴部分為73.5％,非烴部分為26.5％(以氮化合物為主)。烴部分中有正構烷20.4％,異構烷-環烷7.4％,直鏈烯13.9％,異構烯-環烯12.1％,單環芳烴8.5％及多環芳烴9.6％。烴部分中還分出了1.6％黑色粘稠的非烴物質。還建立了一個測定頁岩油柴油餾分烴族組成的簡易色譜方法。本法用活性細孔硅膠作為吸附劑,分離是以冲洗色譜法為基礎的。     

在阴离子表面活性剂存在下,漂蓝6B分光光度测定矿石中的微量铍

漂蓝6B(ECAB)是一种有实用价值的显色剂。十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对吡啶偶氮衍生物与某些金属离子体系有强烈的增敏作用,但阴离子表面活性剂对三苯甲烷酸性染料与金属离子的络合物体系的增敏作用尚未见报导。本文研究了SDS对三苯甲烷类酸性染料之一——ECAB与铍络合物体系的增溶增敏作用。结果表明,在SDS存在下,在pH6.3左右,Be(Ⅱ)-ECAB体系的最大吸收波长为616nm,试剂空白在此波长下吸光度很低,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.11×10~5,比相应的二元络合物灵敏度提高4倍多,亦比采用阳离子表面活性剂作增敏剂时灵敏度高。该体系具有显色速度快,络合物稳定性好,不沾污吸收池和容量瓶,实验操作简便等优点。加入掩蔽剂后,已被用于直接测定矿石中微量铍及铜铍合金试样中含铍量,获得了满意的结果。     

高中一年级下学期物理课教材分配计划(续)

流體力學 第二十一課 課題:液體的壓縮性,在液體和氣體裏壓强的傳遞,水壓機。教材內容: 1.作演示實驗,說明液體很難被壓縮。舉出實際數字說明液體受到很大的壓强時,體積僅發生微小的改變。 2.就實例說明在液體和氣體裏壓强傳遞的情形,總結出帕斯卡定律。說明流體傳遞壓强和固體傳遞壓强情形之不同。     

基于移动窗口-迭代遗传算法的近红外光谱波长选择方法

光谱样本数据常会受到环境噪声和其它组分的干扰，应作波长选择，以提高分析精度。近红外光谱谱区宽，搜索空间过大，难以直接采用遗传算法进行波长选择。为此本研究提出先用移动窗口偏最小二乘法（MWPLS）从宽谱区中初选出信息区间，再采用改进的迭代遗传算法（IGA）从中选出最优的信息子区间。MWPLS用移动窗口沿全谱区扫描，对信息区间的定位效果好，而IGA将顾及光谱数据的连续相关特性，运行多轮GA，并以上轮选择结果平滑处理后作为先验知识支持下轮的种群初始化。由此选出的连续相邻的波长点作为自变量，进行PLS建模，既可显著地简化模型，又保留一定的数据冗余，模型的稳健性好、分析精度高。将其用于小麦水分的近红外分析，效果良好，预测性能明显优于其它方法。     

Laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr

By considering the relative velocity distribution function and multipole expansion interaction Hamiltonian, a three-state model for calculating the cross section of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer is presented. Calculated results in Xe-Kr system show that in the present system, the laser-induced collision process occurs for ～4 ps, which is much shorter than the dipole-dipole laser-induced collisional energy transfer (LICET) process. The spectrum of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr system has wider tunable range in an order of magnitude than the dipole-dipole LICET spectra. The peak cross section decreases and moves to the quasi-static wing with increasing temperature and the full width at half peak of the profile becomes larger as the system temperature increases.     

Medium performance effect on the high output energy from a xenon lamp-pumped pyrromethene-567 solid-state dye laser

In order to obtain a high output energy from a xenon lamp-pumped solid-state dye laser, homogeneities of laser mediums and flatnesses of medium faces with different processing treatments are discussed in the paper. The medi- ums without aging treatment, which are prepared by using a prepolymer process and have diamond-machined end faces to produce the required optical finish, give a highest laser output of 281.9 mJ with 0.215% slope efficiency at 2.0×10 4 mol/L. The best medium lifetime is 21 shots to 50% of original output equating 74.6 kJ/liter.     

Observation of Two Quasi—Static Wings of Laser—Induced Collision Energy Transfer

We investigate experimentally laser-induced collision energy transfer for transitions both from Eu(6s6p)^8 P9/2 to Sr(5s10s)^1So and from Eu(6s6p)^s-P7/2 to Sr(5s8d)^1D2.Two quasi-static wings are observed in their excited function spectra.By using two dipole-dipole interactions,a spectral line from numerical calculation is consistent with the experimental line in two quasi-static wings.     

Nd：YAG固体脉冲激光器实验研究

介绍了Nd：YAG固体脉冲激光器相关的实验项目：静态和调Q状态的出光阈值、激光脉宽、倍频和激光光束形状等.采用普通相纸、红外相纸和激光能量计检测出不同的激光器静态和调Q出光阈值;采用散射、反射和透射方法研究了静态和调Q输出激光脉冲的宽度,发现用K9玻璃和多层膜镜测试的激光脉冲宽度比散射方法的大;采用激光能量计测试激光器静态和调Q的倍频效率和倍频激光能量与倍频晶体的位置关系;激光光束探测器表征激光器静态和调Q输出光的光斑形状.通过这些实验项目,学生将深入了解和掌握固体脉冲激光器的工作原理、性能参数,以及表征激光器性能参数的仪器设备,并深入地研究解决实验发现的问题,为今后激光相关领域的工作奠定坚实的基础.     

Study on optical anisotropy properties of SiO2 films with different thermal annealing temperatures

SiO2 films are deposited on Si substrates by an ion beam sputtering technique and continuously annealed in a quartz culture dish in air at various annealing temperature ranging from 20 to 750 ℃ with a step of 100 ℃ for a fixed time of 24 h. The effects of thermal treatment on optical anisotropy properties of SiO2 films are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry. When the annealing temperature is 550℃, the optical anisotropy properties of SiO2 film is minimum. The obtained results indicate that the optical anisotropy properties of SiO2 films can be improved by a proper thermal annealing process.     

Aging effect of optical properties on low loss antireflection coatings for laser optics

For high precise laser systems like laser gyro, gravitational waves interferometers, the optical components which lie in the cavity or laser path need to control the total loss, scattering, reflection, absorption, and so on. Low loss high-reflection （HR） and antireflection （AR） coating mirrors are their key components and their aging optical properties are the most important performance parameters for long operating lifetime. Low loss AR coatings on quartz substrates for He-Ne laser are designed and manufactured by ion beam sputtering （IBS） technology. Ta205 and SiO2 are used as high and low refractive index materials and the obtained total optical loss of AIR coating is less than 50 ppm. Aging optical properties of AR coatings are investigated as a function of time placed in the air. When the placed time exceeds 40 days, optical properties tend to be stabilization. The obtained results indicate that the prepared low loss AR coatings have good stability of optical properties and can be applied for high precise laser systems.