拉伸热历史对取向聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜在热处理过程中收缩和伸长的影响

弄清取向非晶态聚合物在热处理过程中的收缩和伸长的变化规律,以及所对应的结构变化,有较大的实用意义和科学意义。 对于取向聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的热收缩和热伸长已有很多研究,但对于拉伸热历史对取向PET在热处理过程中的尺寸变化的影响尚缺乏系统的研究。在热拉伸的过程中发生分子链的取向、热弛豫和结晶三个相互竞争的过程。因此,改变拉伸条件可以得到具有各种不同取向和结晶的PET试样。当非晶态PET膜片在80-105℃以较低     

纸上层析法检定聚酰胺

酰胺类高聚物之間的差別,仅在于大分子链上亚甲基与酰胺基的相互排列位置和比例不同。这些差別在物理或化学性貭上的反映并不显著。因此,在检别这类聚合物时,有一定的困难。 1949年,Clasper与Haslam从聚酰胺的水解产物中提取单体,然后以测定单体熔点等方法进行检定,可以得到可靠的結果,但是步驟过于繁复。1951年Zahn始用紙上层析法来检定聚酰胺的水解产物,方法就簡易多了。     

ON THE ORIGIN OF STRESS PEAK IN UNI-AXIAL STRETCHING OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS

Rubber of high molar mass, like cis-polybutadiene, shows a stress peak on theenineering stress-strain curve during stretching at room temperature. In this work cis-polybutadiene samples were swollen in a poor solvent, CHCl_3/EtOH (1/1 v/v), for differenttimes. It was found that both the initial modulus and the stress peak on stretching de-creased in magnitude with increasing swelling time and the peak disappeared entirely after1 hour of swelling. On further swelling the initial modulus increased somewhat and a smallstress peak re-appeared after swelling for 2 h. The disappearance of the stress peak afterswelling is interpreted as the result of disruption of cohesional entanglements present in theinitial rubber sample. The re-appearance of a small stress peak and the increase of modu-lus on further swelling are interpreted as being of the same nature as the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization. It is the result of forming some new cohesional entanglements of largerbinding energies through longer range chain segmental motions excited after the disruptionof the previously existing cohesional entanglements in the rubber. Thus an understand-ing of the stress peak on stretching a high molar mass rubber and the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization on molecular level has been put forward.     

关于聚丙烯红外光谱中的1157及973厘米-1吸收带

在聚丙烯的红外光谱中,许多作者根据Peraldo对谱带的分析,把1157及973厘米~(-1)吸收带作为全同立构聚丙烯分子螺旋构象的特征吸收,梁诚裕等以阳离子引发(Al(C_2H_5)Cl_2-TiCl_4或AlCl_3)所得“无规”聚合物的光谱中,并无此两吸收带.但是当用阳离子引发丙烯聚合时,会发生异构化反应,得到支化的并在链上有内双键的聚合     

LASER DOPPLER MEASUREMENT OF THE AXIAL VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE CONVERGENT FLOW OF A POLYMERIC FLUID INTO A RECTANGULAR SLIT

The center line velocity distributions in the convergent flow of a silicone oil as a Newtonian fluid and a solution of silicone rubber ia silicone oil as a non-Newtonian fluid into a rectangular slit of various entrance angles have been measured by means of laser Doppler velocimetry. The non-Newtonian fluid used conformed to the behavior of a power-law fluid at shear rates greater than 20 s~(-1) with a non-Newtonian index n=0.76. The convergent flow studied had a contraction ratio of 12, with slit height of 0.83mm, slit length to height ratio of 18.1, slit width to height ratio of 14.3 and the width to height ratio before entering the slit of 1.19. Flow experiments were done at room temperature with shear rates at the slit wall of (1.7—11)·10~3s~(-1) and generalized Reynolds number 0.21—2.2. No elastic turbulence was observed in front of the slit entrance. The center line velocity gradient along the flow direction was appreciably reduced in the flow cells of small entrance angles. Two new phenomena h     

聚[芳基二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯]分子间激基缔合作用的研究

合成了聚[2,6-萘二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](1)和聚[对苯二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](2);研究了它们在溶液和本体中的荧光光谱;论证了链间和链内非相邻生色团间有激基缔合作用存在。观察了聚合物1由稀到浓的氯仿溶液的激基缔合物荧光强度与单生色团荧光强度比值的变化,得到溶液中高分子线团的动态接触浓度C_s=0.26g/dL;亚浓区到浓区的转变浓度C~+=7g/dL。在聚合物1的本体中得到基态芳环层叠缔合物直接激发到激基缔合物的实验证据。     

丁苯橡胶的分子量Ⅱ.——低温聚合的丁苯橡胶

用六个5°时乳液聚合的低温丁苯橡胶级份(M_n=5×10~4—1×10~6),作甲苯溶液的粘度(30°)和渗透压(25°)的测定。试样能全部溶解,粘度性质都很正常,k’值没有异常增大,高分子的支化可以忽略。渗透压数据可用(π/C)~(1/2)对C作线性外推,得到的分子量和第二维利系数依从 RTA_2=7.41×10~5Mn~(-0.275)的关系。特性粘数与分子量间的关系为 [η]=2.95×10~(-2)M~(0.75)厘米~3/克(甲苯溶液,30°)与高温丁苯橡胶的线型分子相较,当分子量相同时,[η]低温/[η]高温=1.24,此差别可能是由于近程结构(1,2及顺、反式1,4加成)的不同所致。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合溶剂体系 Ⅳ.交联聚合物在混合溶剂中的溶胀

一微有交联的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯试样在甲苯-乙醇和丙酮-水混合溶剂中的平衡溶胀比用容量法作直接测量,当非溶剂的体积分数分别为γ=0.17(乙醇)和0.02(水)时,平衡溶胀比均出现极大,与在稀溶液中的粘度和渗透压行为完全一致.在θ溶剂中的平衡溶胀比Q_θ是与溶剂-非溶剂对无关的常数,因而溶胀数据可以用一维溶胀因子X_(溶胀)= (Q/Q_θ)~(1/3)表示.从实验结果得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的溶度参数δ=10.0.     

STUDIES ON POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)-POLY(TETRAMETHYLENE ETHER) MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMER.Ⅱ.THE MOLAR SEGMENT MASS AND MOLAR MASS

The molar segment mass, weight-average molar mass, and molar mass distribution of a poly-(ethylene terephthalate)-poly (tetramethylene ether) multiblock copolymer sample were determined by the methods of proton nuclear magnetic resonance, low angle laser light scattering, and gel permeation chromatography.     

导电高聚物的分子设计问题

本文综述了导电高聚物分子设计的一些实验事实和必需考虑的因素。文章涉及的内容有分子性质与固体性质,共轭长度和链的取向与高电导的关系,对离子和离子交换,材料设计——溶解性、加工性和分子复合材料。