贝叶斯深度神经网络对于核质量预测的研究

采用贝叶斯深度神经网络对液滴模型进行优化改进,并运用KL (Kullback-Leibler)散度与变分推断的方法使得模型便于实现.以最新的原子核数据(AME2020)中2457个有精确值的原子核(Z≥8和N≥8)作为总数据集,随机选取其中80%的数据为训练集用于模型训练,通过预测余下的20%进行模型验证.最终两个数据集的误差均方根(RMS)基本相等,而且全部数据的RMS从2.9894 Me V降到0.5695 Me V,下降了80%,呈现出较好的结果.此模型进行了输入参数上的改进(区域限定策略),使得未知核(Z=118—126)可以被限定在一个固定的区域内,从而提高了预测的准确性.为了验证这一性质,对实验数据(Z=100—117)进行了预测计算,结果也与实验值符合得很好.最后使用该方案对未知元素Z=118—126进行了预测,为以后寻找新元素提供了新思路.     

高动量分布对核反应中原子核的阻止本领的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中,具有不同中质比的中等质量核碰撞系统的高动量分布对原子核的阻止本领的影响,以及这种影响随入射能量的演化。研究结果表明:对于76Kr+76Kr,88Kr+88Kr碰撞系统,当入射能量较小时高动量分布对原子核的阻止本领影响很小;但当反应能量较大的时候,高动量分布对原子核的阻止本领影响较大,且这种影响随着入射能量和碰撞核质量的增大而增大。对于Ca同位素链的反应系统,高动量分布增大了反应系统的原子核的阻止本领。因此,高动量分布对中等质量核碰撞系统的原子核的阻止本领有重要影响,且与入射能量和碰撞核质量密切相关。Based on the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, the effect of high momentum distribution on nuclear stopping in medium mass nuclear collision system is studied with different neutron-proton ratio in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions, and the evolution of this effect with the incident energy. The results show that when the incident energy is small, the high momentum distribution has little effect on the nuclear stopping. However, when the reaction energy is large, the high momentum distribution has a great influence on the nuclear stopping and the influence increases with the increase of incident energy and the mass of collision nucleus. For the Ca isotopes reaction system, high momentum distribution increases the nuclear stopping of the reaction system. Therefore, high momentum distribution has an important influence on nuclear stopping in medium mass nuclear collision system, and closely related to the incident energy and the mass of collision nucleus.     

中能重离子反应中对称势对熵的影响

基于同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了对称势、束流能量、对称能强度系数对中能重离子碰撞反应系统的熵的影响。研究发现,对称势对熵有一定影响,且对熵的影响大小与反应系统中质比有关。另外发现在40Ca+40Ca和40Si+40Si反应系统中对称能强度系数对熵也有影响,当对称能强度系数c=32 MeV时,对这两个系统来说其对熵的影响最大。通过实验上对熵的测量可以得到对称势的形式和大小。Based on the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model,effects of the symmetry potential,incident beam energy and different symmetry energy strength coefficients on the entropy of reaction system are studied.The results show that the symmetry potential affects the entropy,and the effect changes with the neutron-proton ratio of the reaction system.Besides,in 40Ca+40Ca and 40Si+40Sireaction systems,the symmetry energy strength coefficient also has effect on the entropy when the symmetry energy strength coefficient c=32 MeV,the effect on the entropy is largest for the two systems.Therefore the form and size of symmetry potential could be obtained by comparison of the model calculation and the experiments on the measurement of entropy.     

核子-核子碰撞截面对同位素标度参数α的同位旋效应

对两对重离子中心碰撞系统40C 40ca和60ca 40Ca以及112Sn 112Sn和124Sn 124Sn反应中就同位素标度参数n对于核子一核子碰撞截面的同位旋效应进行了研究.计算结果表明a对同位旋相关核子.核子碰撞截面amedNN(am)相对于同位旋无关核子一核子碰撞截面口aNN(am)的同位旋效应很明显,然而a对amedNN(am)相对于同化旋无关核子-核子碰撞截面a2nn(am)的同位旋效应是较小的.对以上两种条件下a同位旋效应的机理进行了仔细研究.     

Isospin effects of the Skyrme potential and the momentum dependent interaction at intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

We improve the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamical model by including isospin effects in the Skyrme potential and the momentum dependent interaction to obtain an isospin dependent Skyrme potential and an isospin dependent momentum interaction. We investigate the isospin effects of Skyrme potential and momentum dependent interaction on the isospin fractionation ratio and the dynamical mechanism in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. It is found that the isospin dependent Skyrme potential and the isospin dependent momentum interaction produce some important isospin effects in the isospin fractionation ratio.     

Isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction in isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics

An isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamical model (IQMD) is developed, with the isospin degree of freedom in the momentum-dependent interaction(MDI) included in IQMD, to obtain an isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction (IMDI) in IQMD. We investigate the effect of IMDI on the isospin fractionation ratio and its dynamical mechanism in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. It is found that the IMDI induces the significant reductions in the isospin fractionation ratio for all of beam energies, impact parameters, neutron--proton ratios and mass number of colliding systems. However, the strong dependence of isospin fractionation ratio on the symmetrical potential is preserved, with the isospin degree of freedom included in the MDI, i.e. the isospin fractionation ratio is still a good probe for extracting the information about the equation of state of isospin asymmetrical nuclear matter.     

Isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in excited nuclear reactions

Using relativistic mean field theory, the neutron and the proton density distribution of 56Ni nuclei could be obtained in the ground state and the excited state. Based on the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model, the 56Ni nuclei have been simulated in ground state and in the neutron or proton excited state. We then used the three different states of 56Ni to collide with the 56Ni in the ground state. To discuss the evolution of the nuclear stopping in different reactions, two kinds of different excited nuclear reactions were studied at different reaction energies and at different impact parameters. Studies have shown that the nuclear stopping of an excited nuclear reaction is sensitive to the isospin-dependent in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section, compared with the response value of the ground state nuclear reaction. So, it is better for the excited nuclei to extract the isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section information.     

重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏对碰撞系统同位旋的依赖性

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型，研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中同位旋分馏现象及其对于碰撞系统同位旋的依赖性.计算结果表明:在碰撞系统膨胀的低密度区, 气相(发射核子)与液相(碎片)的中子-质子比出现不均等分配现象,即同位旋分馏. 同位旋分馏的强弱明显地依赖于碰撞系统的中子-质子比,其强度随着系统中子-质子比的增大而增大. 丰中子碰撞系统产生丰中子的气相和缺中子的液相,而缺中子碰撞系统产生缺中子的气相和丰中子的液相.在丰中子的碰撞系统中同位旋分馏强度敏感地依赖于对称势,而对于两体碰撞的同位旋效应并不敏感，但对于缺中子的碰撞系统,同位旋分馏强度对于对称势不敏感， 同时发现动量相关作用对于同位旋分馏过程的作用不明显. 关键词： 中能重离子碰撞 同位旋分馏 同位旋效应 对称势     

多重碎裂的同位旋效应和动量相关作用的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,对中能重离子碰撞过程中多重碎裂对于同位旋自由度和动量相关作用的依赖性进行了研究.结果表明:在相对较高能区,碎片的平均多重性敏感地依赖于介质中核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋效应,但很弱地依赖于对称势;动量相关作用增强了中等质量碎片多重性对于核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋依赖的敏感性.中等质量碎片的平均多重性可用作提取介质中同位旋相关的核子–核子碰撞截面的探针.     

Sensitive Probe for Symmetry Potential

Based on both very obvious isospin effect of the neutron-proton number ratio of nucleon emissions （n/p）nud on symmetry potential and （n/p）nucl＇s sensitive dependence on symmetry potential in the nuclear reactions induced by halo-neutron projectiles, compared to the same mass stable projectile, probing symmetry potential is investigated within the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics with isospin and momentum-dependent interactions for different symmetry potentials U;ym and U2^sym. It is found that the neutron-halo projectile induces very obvious increase of （n/p）nucl and strengthens the dependence of （n/p） l on the symmetry potential for all the beam energies and impact parameters, compared to the same mass stable projectile under the same incident channel condition. Therefore （n/p）nucl induced by the neutron-halo projectile is a more favourable probe than the normal neutron-rich and neutron-poor projectiles for extracting the symmetry potential.