经过极性反转的亲核有机催化

总结了近几年来经过极性反转的有机催化的研究近展, 概括了以C, N, P, S为中心的各种亲核催化剂的催化机理及催化性能. 通过对不同类别及同类不同活性中心的催化剂的比较分析, 简要概括了各种催化剂的优劣势, 并对极性反转的有机过程进行了机理上的阐述.     

尿素及硫脲与羰基化合物间的氢键相互作用

利用量子化学二级微扰理论方法对尿素及硫脲衍生物与羰基化合物之间的氢键复合物进行了研究, 在自然键轨道分析基础上进一步揭示了氢键本质并研究了取代基效应. 结果表明, 羰基化合物中供电子基和共轭基, 尿素及硫脲中的吸电子基和共轭基均有利于氢键的形成. 结合尿素与硫脲的催化反应过程, 讨论了氢键复合物两种可能的顺反异构并分析比较了顺反式构象异构体的稳定能大小.     

吩噻嗪给体受体衍生物激发态的电荷转移

A series of N-bonded donor-acceptor derivatives of phenothiazine containing phenyl （PHPZ）, anisyl （ANPZ）, pyridyl （PYPZ）, naphthyl （NAPZ）, acetylphenyl （APPZ）, and cyanophenyl （CPPZ） as an electron acceptor have been synthesized. Their photophysical properties were investigated in solvents of different polarities by absorption and emission techniques. These studies clearly revealed the existence of an intramolecular charge transfer （ICT） excited state in the latter four compounds. The solvent dependent Stokes shift values were analyzed by the modified Lippert-Mataga equation to obtain the excited state dipole moment values. The large excited state dipole moment suggests that the full （or nearly full） electron transfer take place in the A-D systems. In the system of A-D phenothiazine derivatives, the transition dipole moments Mflu were determined mainly by direct interactions between the solvent-equilibrated fluorescence ^1CT state and ground state because of their lack of significant change with increase of the solvent polarity. The electron structure and molecular conformation of phenothiazine derivatives will be significantly changed with the increase of the electron affinity of the N-10 substituent.     

烯丙位化学键均裂离解能及其取代基效应

使用复合从头算方法系统地获得了一批精确的烯丙位化学键的均裂裂解能(BDE). 取代基效应的研究表明, C—H与Si—H的BDE表现出差的Hammett关系, 而N—H, O—H, P—H与S—H的BDE表现出好的Hammett关系. 进一步分析表明烯丙位BDE受共轭效应比诱导/场效应的影响更为明显. 并且还讨论了BDE的基态效应和自由基效应, 其结果与最近报道的有关苄位BDE的结果基本一致.     

精确计算化学键解离能的ONIOM-G3B3方法及其在抗氧化剂研究中的应用

通过对179个有机化合物C—H,N—H,O—H键离解能的理论计算,系统评估了高精度组合从头算方法(ONIOM-G3B3)和密度泛函理论方法(B3LYP)在预测键离解能上的可靠性.研究发现ONIOM-G3B3方法可以准确预测各类有机化合物的键解离能,精度达到5.9 kJ/mol.运用ONIOM-G3B3方法成功预测了两类重要的天然抗氧化剂维生素E族和茶多酚族的键解离能,并进一步讨论了抗氧化活性、自由基清除机理及其构效关系.     

2-萘-(OCH2CH2)n-金刚胺与6-单取代环糊精衍生物的光诱导电子转移反应

A number of naphthalene donor compounds that possess an adamantanamine binding moiety and an (OCH2CH2)n (nn1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8) spacer were synthesized. The fluorescence quenching between these donor substrates and mono-6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-β-cyclodextrin (pNBCD) and mono-6-O-m-nitrobenzoyl-β-cyclodextrin(mNBCD) was studied in detail. It was found that very efficient fluorescence quenching could occur in these supramolecular systems. This quenching was attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer inside the supramolecular assembly between the naphthalene donors and cyclodextrin acceptors. Detailed Stern-Volmer constants were measured and they were partitioned into dynamic Stern-Volmer quenching constants and static binding constants. It was demonstrated that the binding constants between all the naphthalene compounds and cyclodextrins are the same as they possess the same binding site, i.e., adamantanamine.     

SnCl2／Cu-Mediated Carbonyl Allylation Reaction in Water： Scope, Selectivity and Mechanism

Copper was found to be able to promote the SnC12-mediated carbonyl allylation reactions in water, giving the corresponding homoallylic alcohol products in very high yields. Detailed studies showed that the reaction could be applied to a variety of carbonyl compounds including those with hydroxyl, amino and nitro groups. It was also found that this reaction showed good regioselectivities for some substrates. Furthermore, carefully controled experiments and in situ NMR measurements provided important insights into the mechanism of the newly developed reaction.     

First Magnesium-mediated Carbonyl Benzylation in Water

Catalyzed by AgNO3, Mg was found for the first time to be able to mediate the coupling reaction between aromatic aldehydes and benzyl bromide or chloride in water. The yields were slightly higher than the recent results for Mg-mediated allylation despite the fact that aqueous benzylation is intrinsically much harder than allylation. It was also found that the coupling reaction was chemoselective for aromatic aldehydes over aliphatic aldehydes, and chemoselective for aromatic aldehydes over aromatic ketones.     

生物质洁净能源研究中的流化床动力学模型

分别对最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床及相应的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等加以综述,分析其优缺点,并在此基础上提出动力学模拟研究的新思路.根据流化床内在的本质--流化态的不同,将流化床分为最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床三种.总结了前人针对各种流化床提出的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等思想,建议今后可以在以下几个方面进行深入研究: ⑴使得模型更有普适性.⑵由于气泡有效直径尚不能在理论上求得,可以在理想气泡直径变化公式的基础上,加入非线性化学的计算.⑶确定不同情况下的参数,使得工作更有延续性,也使得模型更加具有生命力.⑷从高压的角度去进行模型的计算,并得到相应的试验数据支持.     

苯乙烯吡啶类化合物合成的新方法

对Heck反应在苯乙烯吡啶类化合物合成中的应用进行了较为深入的研究,并提出了反应机理.采用改进的钯催化反应以高产率合成了一系列苯乙烯吡啶类化合物,为苯乙烯吡啶类化合物的制备提供了一种方便有效的新方法