铜催化交叉偶联反应研究的新进展

对Cu催化交叉偶联反应的最新研究进展作了综述 .该反应涉及碳—碳、碳—氮、碳—氧、碳—硫、碳—硒、以及碳—卤的成键 .反应的类型包括Ullmann反应、Suzuki反应、Stille反应以及Heck反应等 .还详细地介绍了Cu催化交叉偶联反应中选用不同的铜盐、配体以及溶剂时所产生的效果     

非预混燃烧模型模拟流化床生物质气化器中富氢气体的制备

Fluidized bed biomass gasifiers can be employed to produce hydrogen-rich gas. A non-premixed combustion model is used for biomass air-steam gasification in the gasifier, and the simulations were carried out by using the FLUENT 6.0 software. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data. The effects of the steam to biomass ratio (S/B), the equivalence ratio (ER), and the size of biomass particles on the hydrogen yield were studied. Meanwhile, the distributions of hydrogen inside the gasifier at different conditions are also described.     

NAD(P)H模型引发的还原环化——2,2-双取代1,2-二氢茚的合成

辅酶NAD(P)H在生物氧化还原反应中起着重要作用[1].1-苄基-1,4-二氢尼古丁酰胺(BNAH)作为其模型物,被广泛用于物理有机和生物化学的研究之中[2].虽然绝大多数的研究都集中于还原反应机理方面[3,4],BNAH作为还原剂在有机合成中的应用也是值得注意的.我们曾用BNAH还原2-溴-1-苯亚乙基丙二腈及其类似物合成取代环丙烷[5～7],方法简便.五元环结构广泛存在于萜类和甾体等天然产物中.对于茚等苯并五元环结构的合成已有许多方法[8～11]. 其中,2,2-双取代1,2-二氢茚(1)(吸电子取代基)是用邻-二溴甲基苯与丙二腈等活泼亚甲基化合物在DMSO中,NaH存在下双分子缩合制备的[12].     

高价钯参与C-H键卤化反应的还原消除机理研究

运用密度泛函理论方法系统研究了氧化条件下钯催化C-H键卤(氯)化反应的还原消除机理.计算结果表明,C-X(C1)键的形成过程无Pd(IV)型中间体的参与,还原消除倾向于直接发生在双金属中心的Pd(Ⅲ)-Pd(Ⅲ)型中间体上.作为首例研究Pd(Ⅲ)配合物上还原消除能量需求的研究工作,很好地重现了Ritter等观测的实验现象.理论与实验间良好的相关性不仅证实了该理论方法的可靠性,也为我们未来研究更多钯催化的C-H活化反应提供了良好的理论指导.     

离子液体中Lewis酸催化葡萄糖和果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基呋喃甲醛

在离子液体中采用不同的Lewis酸催化葡萄糖和果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基呋喃甲醛(5-HMF).结果表明,CrCln和SnCln均可高效催化葡萄糖转化为5-HMF.另外,Lewis酸的酸性越强,其催化果糖转化为5-HMF的产率越高.镧系金属氯化物在反应中表现出较好的催化活性和产物选择性.同时还研究了离子液体结构对催化反应的...     

On the Correlation between the Blue Shift of Hydrogen Bonding and the Proton Donor-Proton Acceptor Distance

It is demonstrated that in all types of hydrogen bonds (X—H…Y) there is a balance between the long-range attractive orbital interactions and short-range Pauli/nucleus repulsions. When the proton acceptor approaches the proton donor from distance, the hydrogen bonding energy becomes more negative at relatively large distance, goes through a minimum, and then starts to become less negative when the short-range repulsive forces come into effect.Meanwhile, the X--H bond length increases at relatively large distances, goes through a maximum and starts to shorten when the short-range repulsive forces come into effect. Whether the hydrogen bond is red or blue shifted is dictated by the energy minimum position. If at the energy minimum position the X—H bond length is shorter than that for the free monomer, the hydrogen bond is blue shifted and vice versa. Further studies demonstrate that the recent report about the correlation of C—H bond lengths with proton donor-acceptor distance in F3C—H…OH2 and F3C—H…Cl^- is not fully correct because the authors conducted an inappropriate comparison. Furthermore, it is shown for the first time that the Pauli/nucleus repulsion theory is applicable to the blue-shifted hydrogen bonds in the X—H…π complexes and the blue-shifted lithium bonds in the X—Li…Y complexes.     

乙烯、苯与Li+、Na+、K+形成的阳离子-π复合物结构的理论研究

系统地研究了乙烯、苯与Li+ 、Na+ 、K+ 形成的阳离子 π复合物的结构 .发现在乙烯与Li+ 、Na+ 、K+ 阳离子形成的复合物中 ,乙烯分子的C -H键与形成复合物前相比伸长了 ,然而 ,在苯的阳离子 π复合物中 ,苯分子的C -H键却出乎意料地变短了 (特别是在锂离子 π复合物中 ) .这种现象可能与最近由Hobza等人发现的蓝移氢键现象有相同的机理     

基于肽的不对称催化剂

综述了肽作为有机催化剂以及金属配体在不对称催化反应中的应用, 概括了人们所发现的各种肽催化剂的结构、催化活性以及机理, 并对发现这些肽的过程中所采用的研究方法做了具体的介绍.     

环丁烷型嘧啶二聚体的电子诱导裂解机理及动力学

采用脉冲辐解瞬态吸收光谱法研究了水溶液中水合电子引发cis-syn型1, 3-二甲基尿嘧啶环丁烷型二聚体(DMUD)裂解、生成嘧啶单体和嘧啶阴离子自由基, 以及在核黄素(RF)和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)存在下, 尿嘧啶阴离子自由基和RF及FAD之间的电子转移反应过程, 测定了电子转移反应的速率常数. 当没有RF或FAD作为电子受体时, 尿嘧啶阴离子自由基可能继续和DMUD反应, 以链反应形式进行.     

Theoretical Study of Remote Substituent Effects on X-H （X=CH2, NH,O） Bond Dissociation Energies of Azulene

In the study, the X-H （X=CH2, NH, O） bond dissociation energies （BDE） of para-substituted azulene （Y-C10H8X-H） were predicted theoretically for the first time using Density Functronal Theory （DFT） methods at UB3LYP/6-311 ＋ ＋g（2df,2p）//UB3LYP/6-31 ＋g（d） level. It was found that the substituents exerted similar effects on the X-H BDE of azulene as those on benzene, except for 6-substituted 2-methylazulene. Owing to the substituent-dipole interaction, the reaction constants （ρ^＋） of 2- and 6-Y-CIoHsX-H （X=NH and O only） varied violently. The origin of the substituent effects on the X-H BDE of azulene was found, by both GE/RE and SIE theory, to be directly associated with variation of the radical effects, although the ground effects also played a modest role in determining the net. substituent effects.