含添加剂的二步溶液法制备钙钛矿太阳能电池

采用含二甲基亚砜(DMSO)添加剂的二步溶液法制备高质量CH_3NH_3PbI_3吸收层,并制备了结构为FTO/TiO_2致密层/TiO_2介孔层/CH_3NH_3PbI_3吸收层/碳电极的碳基无空穴传输层的钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)。研究了PbI_2薄膜分别在相同浓度的MAI/IPA溶液中浸泡不同时间,以及在不同浓度的MAI/IPA溶液中浸泡相同时间对CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜的形貌、结构以及对PSCs光伏性能的影响规律。结果表明,在PbI_2/DMF溶液中添加DMSO之后使制备的PbI_2薄膜呈多孔疏松状态,有利于MAI/IPA溶液渗入PbI_2薄膜内部,缩短PbI_2完全转换成CH_3NH_3PbI_3的时间;当浸泡时间为40 min时,电池的光伏性能最佳,其开路电压为0.82 V,短路电流密度为21.21 mA/cm~2,填充因子为0.49,光电转化效率为8.61%。但是当浸泡时间过长,CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜表面会出现大晶粒,导致电池的光伏性能变差。而在相同的浸泡时间下,MAI/IPA溶液的浓度则会显著影响PbI_2转化成CH_3NH_3PbI_3的速度,MAI/IPA溶液的浓度越高,PbI_2完全转化成CH_3NH_3PbI_3的速度越快。     

胍盐离子液体捕获CO2温室气体的机理 (cited: 1)

通过量子力学与分子动力学对胍盐离子液体的模拟表明,胍阳离子与氯负离子之间存在较强的相互作用,其相互作用能约为-109.216 kcal/mol．从能量与几何分布可见,两种空间分布方式中最稳定构象为Middle作用模式．径向分布函数也验证了这一结论．CO₂含量的不断增加并没有对离子液体的结构产生影响,而是被离子液体的空腔捕获．     

PLS-原子吸收光谱法同时测定稀土氧化物中的Eu和Cu

用偏最小二乘法（ＰＬＳ）校正了火焰原子吸收分析中Ｅｕ３２４．７５３ｎｍ对Ｃｕ３２４．７５４ｎｍ吸收线重叠干扰,用铜空心阴极灯同时测定了合成样及稀土氧化物中的Ｅｕ和Ｃｕ。     

Emergent reversible giant electroresistance in spacially confined La_(0.325)Pr_(0.3)Ca_(0.375)MnO_3 wires

Micro-patterning is considered to be a promising way to analyze phase-separated manganites. We investigate resistance in micro-patterned La0.325Pr0.3Ca0.375MnO3 wires with width of 10 μm, which is comparable to the phase separation scale in this material. A reentrant of insulating state at the metal–insulator temperature Tp is observed and a giant resistance change of over 90% driven by electric field is achieved by suppression of this insulating state. This resistance change is mostly reversible. The I–V characteristics are measured in order to analyze the origin of the giant electroresistance and two possible explanations are proposed.     

大学物理教学与考核模式改革实践

本文就我校某大班大学物理教学与考核模式改革实践进行总结,以期能够积累学生参加课堂教学的相关经验,为迎接"MOOCs"的到来,为学生设计出更适宜的教学方法与考核模式做好前期的调研和准备.     

点火黑腔等离子体定标关系及350 eV靶黑腔设计

点火黑腔内环激光通道内靠近黑腔壁的区域是内环激光受激拉曼散射(SRS)背向散射产生与发展的主要区域。根据内环通道在该区域满足通道内外压力平衡和能量平衡,提出了间接驱动惯性约束聚变点火黑腔等离子体定标关系。该定标关系在一定程度上统筹考虑靶丸性能、激光器指标和激光等离子体相互作用(LPI)。在此基础上,根据靶丸抑制流体不稳定的需求,提出了一个350eV点火黑腔设计,该设计可以较好地抑制内环LPI的发展,并对激光器设计提出了更高的要求。     

关于密立根油滴实验数据处理的新探讨

密立根油滴实验是大学物理的经典实验,通过处理实验测量数据即可得出基本电荷量.各高校开展实验的方法基本相同,但处理实验数据的方法却各式各样.为了减小因数据处理带来的误差,提出多种方法结合处理数据,即在作图法的基础上增加分组法和最小二乘法处理数据,结果显示误差明显减小.通过5个教学班的试验教学,验证了文中观点的可行性,并取...     

碳化硅光栅结构中的强吸收及热辐射调控

基于严格耦合波分析(RC W A)方法研究了红外光波与碳化硅(S iC)光栅结构间的相互作用,尤其是结构在10微米到14微米波段的吸收及热辐射特性.计算得到了光栅的吸收/发射谱,验证了表面声子共振的激发,分析了光栅周期、光栅深度、占空比和入射角度对吸收特性的影响.在横磁(T M)波入射下,光栅周期及深度的增加均导致吸收...     

Evolution of melt convection in a liquid metal driven by a pulsed electric current

Gain refinement in metal alloy can be achieved by applying an electric current pulse (ECP) in solidification process. Forced flow inside the melt has been proved to be a key role in grain refinement. In this paper, the fluid flow inside Ga 20 wt%-In 12 wt%-Sn alloy induced by a damping sinusoidal ECP flowing through two parallel electrodes into the cylindrical melt was investigated by both experimental measurements and numerical simulations. Experimental results showed that a strong descending jet was induced beneath the bottom of electrodes under the application of ECP. Besides, it was found that flow intensity increases with the increase of amplitude, frequency, and pulse width, respectively. In order to unlock the formation mechanism of flow pattern and the relevance of flow intensity varied with electrical parameters, a three-dimensional numerical model under the application of ECP was established. Meanwhile, a comparative study was conducted by numerical simulations to reveal the distributions of electromagnetic fields and forced flow. Numerical results showed that the downward Lorentz force induced by ECP was concentrated beneath the bottom of electrodes. This downward Lorentz force induces a descending jet and provokes a global forced flow. According to numerical simulations, the evolution of flow intensity with electrical parameters under the application of ECP can be understood by the time averaged impulse of Lorentz force.     

准各向同性复合材料弹性和强度的各向异性效应(Ⅱ)──应用与细观力学分析*

文献中尚未见到针对准各向同性复合材料的各向异性效应对复合材料结构影响的分析。本文在第(Ⅰ)部分[1]所提出的强度准则模型的基础上,给出了复合材料各向异性特性在含椭圆孔和单个裂纹问题中的具体应用。在椭圆孔问题中分析了远场载荷随材料几何参数变化的规律;在含裂纹问题中分析了裂纹扩展方向随裂纹方向的变化规律。最后,用细观力学方法分析了一类三轴编织复合材料的弹性本构方程和强度准则,以及各向异性效应,得到了与实验和第(Ⅰ)部分理论模型相一致的结果。