Comparison of the sensitivities for atom interferometers in two different operation methods

We investigated the sensitivities of atom interferometers in the usual fringe-scanning method(FSM) versus the fringelocking method(FLM). The theoretical analysis shows that for typical noises in atom interferometers, the FSM will degrade the sensitivity while the FLM does not. The sensitivity-improvement factor of the FLM over the FSM depends on the type of noises, which is validated by numerical simulations. The detailed quantitative analysis on this fundamental issue is presented, and our analysis is readily extendable to other kinds of noises as well as other fringe shapes in addition to a cosine one.     

Quasinormal oscillations and late-time tail of massless scalar perturbations of a magnetized black hole in Rastall gravity

In this study,we investigate the quasinormal mode and late-time tail of charged massless scalar perturbations of a black hole in generalized Rastall gravity.The black hole metric in question is spherically symmetric,accompanied by a power-Maxwell field surrounded by a quintessence fluid.We show that the massless scalar field,when dressed up with the magnetic field,acquires an effective mass,which significantly affects the properties of the resultant quasinormal oscillations and late-time tails.S...     

Precise Determination of Period of a Torsion Pendulum in Measurement of Gravitational Constant

The period of a torsion pendulum would vary under the disturbances of environmental noise factors. In order to subtract the period of the pendulum from external influence, we employ the correlation method to determine the period with a high precision. Theoretical analysis shows that the relative precision is improved to be proportional to 1/m^3/2 with the number of the period m, compared with the conventional statistical mean that is proportional to 1/m^1/2, which is significant for the determination of gravitational constant with the swing time method.     

Effect of Local Magnetic Field in G Measurement with Time-of-Swing Method

The effect of the local time- varying magnetic field in our G measurement with the time-of-swing method is studied by magnifying the magnetic field to cause a perceptible change in the pendulum＇s period. The experimental result shows that the coefficients of the change in the period to the magnetic field are 37（1） and 12（1） ms/gauss in the two horizontal directions respectively, which means that the systematic uncertainty due to the local magnetic field is less than 0.4ppm in our G measurement.     

Effect of Raman-pulse duration related to the magnetic field gradient in high-precision atom gravimeters

The effect of the Raman-pulse duration related to the magnetic field gradient, as a systematic error, is playing an important role on evaluating the performance of high-precision atomic gravimeters. We study this effect with a simplified theoretical model of the time-propagation operator. According to the typical parameters, we find that this effect should be taken into account when the gravimeter reaches an accuracy of 10~(-10)g, and the larger the pulse duration is, the more obvious the systematic effect will be. Finally, we make a simple discussion on the possibility of testing this effect.     

Finite Temperature Casimir Effect for Corrugated Plates

Using the path-integral method, the corrections to the Casimir energy due to the combined effect of surface roughness and the finite temperature are calculated. For the specific case of two sinusoidally corrugated plates, the lateral Casimir force at finite temperature is obtained. The amplitude of the lateral Casimir force has a maximum at an optimal wavelength of λ≈ 2H with the mean plate distance H. This optimal parameter relation is almost independent of temperature.     

近距离牛顿反平方定律实验检验进展

为了统一描述自然界的四种基本相互作用,科学家提出了很多理论模型,其中很多理论认为牛顿反平方定律在近距离下会发生偏离,或存在其他的非牛顿引力作用,而理论的正确与否需要高精度的实验检验.国际上很多研究组在不同间距下采用不同的技术对反平方定律进行了高精度的实验检验,本文重点介绍华中科技大学引力中心采用密度调制法分别在亚毫米与微米范围进行的实验研究进展.在亚毫米范围采用精密扭秤技术,在对牛顿引力进行双补偿、抑制电磁干扰后,结合零实验与非零实验结果,在作用程为70—300μm区间对Yukawa形式的破缺给出国际上精度最高的限制.在微米范围采用悬臂梁作为弱力传感器,通过测量金球和密度调制吸引质量间水平力的变化来检验非牛顿引力是否存在,实验结果不需进行Casimir力和静电力背景扣除,是此间距下不依赖于Casimir力和静电力理论计算模型的两个结果之一.     

Influence of the colored noise on determining the period of a torsion pendulum

Based on statistical properties, two typical models are considered to calculate the uncertainties for some random noise sequences on the period extraction of a torsion pendulum, which is important and instructive in the measurement of gravitational constant G with the time-of-swing method. An expression of the uncertainty for the period measurement is obtained, which is dependent on the ratio ?t/(1/λ) where ?t is the interval of the sample time and 1/λ is the length of the correlation time. The result of processing experimental data shows that as the interval of the sample time ?t gradually shortens, the uncertainty of the period becomes smaller, and further when the ratio ?t/(1/λ) is less than 1, the uncertainty remains substantially unchanged.     

万有引力常数G精确测量实验进展

万有引力常数G是人类历史上引入的第一个基本物理学常数,其在理论物理、天体物理和地球物理等许多领域中扮演着重要角色.两百多年来,人们共测量出了200多个G值,但G的测量精度仍然是所有物理学常数中最差的,这一现象反映了测G工作本身的复杂性和困难性.本文简要概述了G值测量的意义和测G的历史,并结合自2010年以来国际上新出现的三个高精度测G实验介绍这一领域的研究进展,以及华中科技大学引力实验中心测G工作的最新动态.     

Measurement of Density Inhomogeneity for Source Masses in Time-of-Swing Method of Measuring G

A method with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） is presented to measure the density inhomogeneity of the stainless steel （SS316） sphere prepared for measuring G using time-of-swing method. The experimental result shows that the relative density inhomogeneity of the sphere is better than 5.9 × 10^-4 over the volume of 0.272 ×0.234× 0.005 mm^3. If we assume that the density inhomogeneity of the spheres used in our G measurement is the same as that of the sphere destroyed in testing, it will contribute to G value with an uncertainty of less than 0.034 ppm in our G measurement. Furthermore, the mass centre offset from the geometric centre of the sphere will be less than 4.3× 10^-4 μm due to this inhomogeneity.