Impact of microsecond-pulsed plasma-activated water on papaya seed germination and seedling growth

The seed of Carica papaya consists of a hard shell-like testa with inhibitors in vivo causing slow, erratic and asynchronous germination. In this work, plasma-activated water prepared by microsecond-pulsed plasma jets (μPAW) was applied to treat papaya seeds. The μPAW after plasma activation of 30 min was about 40 ℃. The reactive species such as NO₂, NO₃, and H₂O₂ in the μPAW activated from deionized water were measured and correlated to the seed germination rate and the seedling growth performance. The μPAW-treated papaya seed achieved a higher germination rate of 90%, which is 26% higher than the control group using deionized water. Comparing the results with a hot water (40 ℃) reference group showed that the reactive species in μPAW played primary roles in germination improvement, with little effect caused by the heat shock. The μPAW also sterilized the treated seeds, reducing the germination stress. The morphological change in the seeds was observed by SEM, showing an effect of physical etching after treatment promoting seed imbibition. The biochemical mechanism of the seed germination was deduced with reference to the evolution of surface chemistry, functional groups, and ABA content. The accelerated seed metabolism observed was corresponded to the chemical modification pathway. Besides, early seedlings developed from treated seeds were observed to be healthy, grow more leaves, and have better root structures. The content of MDA in the treated papaya seedlings decreased along with increased SOD and higher ion concentration. The μPAW that can be prepared at atmospheric pressure for bulk production offers a low-risk and cost-effective seed priming technology that may significantly increase the production of agricultural crops.     

全固态被动调Q皮秒激光技术研究进展

全固态被动调Q激光技术在产生皮秒脉冲方面有较快发展。与锁模激光器相比,被动调Q皮秒激光器成本低、结构简单、易于校准光路,避免了锁模激光器结构复杂、机械敏感度高、光路校准困难等缺点,并且同样能够输出单脉冲能量可观、重频合适的皮秒量级短脉冲,因此拥有较高的实用价值。本文讨论了全固态被动调Q皮秒激光技术领域的两种典型技术路线以及对调Q皮秒脉冲输出的后续处理技术,包括非线性技术和激光放大技术等,并介绍了国内外相关研究团队在该领域所做的工作及其突破性进展。     

酸促进2-乙烯基苯胺与重氮的[5+1]环化合成2-芳基喹啉

利用廉价易得的2-乙烯基苯胺与重氮化合物在三氟乙酸催化下发生[5+1]环化反应, 以中等至良好的产率合成了24种2-芳基喹啉衍生物. 该方法无需金属催化剂, 官能团兼容性好, 反应成本低, 不仅拓展了重氮化合物参与的新型有机反应, 同时也为2-芳基取代喹啉的合成提供了高效、 经济且简洁的新方法.     

Preparation of biomedical Ag incorporated hydroxyapatite/titania coatings on Ti6AI4V alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Nano-Ag incorporated hydroxyapatite/titania （HA/TiO2） coatings were deposited on Ti6A14V substrates by the plasma electrolytic oxidation process. Compared with the substrate, the deposited coatings display attractive mechani- cal and biomedical properties. First, the coatings have stronger wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Second, they show a strong antibacterial ability. The mean vitality of the P. gingivalis on the coating surfaces is reduced to about 21%. Third, the coatings have good biocompatibility. The mean viability of the fibroblast cells on the coating surface is increased to about 130%. With these attractive properties, Ag incorporated HA/TiO2 coatings may be useful in the biomedical field.     

Effect of pulsed bias on properties of ZrN/TiZrN films deposited by cathodic vacuum arc

ZrN/TiZrN multilayer are deposited by cathodic vacuum arc method with different substrate bias (from 0 to -800 V), using Ti and Zr plasma flows in residual N₂ atmosphere, combined with ion bombardment of sample surfaces. The effect of pulsed bias on structure and properties of films is investigated. Microstructure of the coating is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the nanohardness, Young's modulus, and scratch tests are performed. The experimental results show that the films exhibit a nanoscale multilayer structure consisting of TiZrN and ZrN phases. Solid solutions are formed for component TiZrN films. The dominant preferred orientation of TiZrN films is (111) and (220). At pulsed bias of -200 V, the nanohardness and the adhesion strength of ZrN/TiZrN multilayer reach a maximum of 38 GPa, and 78 N, respectively. The ZrN/TiZrN multilayer demonstrates an enhanced nanohardness compared with binary TiN and ZrN films deposited under equivalent conditions.     

利用二维光子晶体提高波的耦合效率

通过多重散射方法数值模拟研究和实验测量表明利用二维光子晶体可以提高波的耦合效率.研究发现,高的波耦合效率通常发生在光子禁带的边沿和其它非禁带区的某些频率处.当光子晶体的晶格常数接近于所传输的波的波长时,会出现很高耦合效率的共振耦合现象.利用二维光子晶体的情况下的波耦合效率最高可以达到不利用二维光子晶体时的1.89倍.这种现象在光集成器件中尤其有用.     

求解凸随机规划的Monte Carlo模拟方法

基于对目标函数和约束函数的同时抽样,给出求解凸随机规划的Monte CaLrlo模拟的算法及其收敛性.将得到的结果和算法应用到以半偏差为约束的投资组合优化问题,并且给出相应的数值试验.     

单光束多组分温室气体的腔衰荡光谱同步检测

腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)作为一种具有高灵敏度高光谱分辨率的检测方法已被广泛用于痕量气体检测。而目前基于CRDS痕量气体检测多针对单一气体进行测量或通过多个激光器产生的多光束进行多种组分气体浓度测量。利用DFB激光器波长可调谐特性,通过强弱吸收峰结合,使用单光束实现了多种温室气体的腔衰荡光谱技术同步检测。由于大气中水汽和二氧化碳浓度较高,为实现同一衰荡系统对三种温室气体的同步测量,在平衡吸收损耗的基础上,选取1 653~1 654 nm内甲烷的强吸收峰与水汽、二氧化碳的弱吸收峰进行测量。通过光谱叠加反演矩阵,分别得到甲烷、水汽、二氧化碳的浓度。在计算测量灵敏度过程中发现,通过去除衰荡过程初期的部分数据点(过滤区间),会对噪声等效吸收系数产生影响。多数情况下,在测量灵敏度计算方面,列文伯格-马夸尔特算法(L-M)会优于离散傅里叶变换法(DFT);但当衰荡曲线的单指数性下降时,上述结论不一定成立。搭建了一个低精细度(F≈6×103)衰荡腔对上述结论进行了实验验证。相较于用于测量温室气体浓度的高精细度衰荡腔(F≈1×105),低精细度衰荡腔的衰荡速率较快,衰荡曲线的单指数性明显低于高精细度衰荡腔。实验表明,在过滤区间长度较短时,采用DFT算法计算得到的噪声等效吸收系数会小于L-M算法得到的结果。当过滤区间长度增加时,L-M算法得到的结果优于DFT算法。在受过滤区间长度影响方面,DFT算法的波动性要明显小于L-M算法。根据Allan方差分析,在512次采样平均(约8 s)下的最小噪声等效吸收系数进行计算,该CRDS装置测量灵敏度为2.4×10-10 cm-1。在25 ℃标准大气压下,对应甲烷、水汽、二氧化碳的测量灵敏度分别为0.64 ppbv,3.5 ppmv和4.0 ppmv。基于该CRDS装置,通过单光束多波长测量方法,利用光谱叠加反演矩阵,测得大气中甲烷、水汽、二氧化碳浓度分别为2.018,3 654和526 ppmv;而采用经典CRDS单波长测量得到的甲烷、水汽、二氧化碳浓度分别为2.037,3 898和630 ppmv。通过与温控调节波长,逐点扫描得到的光谱吸收曲线进行对比,采用多波长测量得到气体浓度进行复合拟合的光谱曲线残差小于单波长测量得到气体浓度进行简单拟合的光谱曲线残差。     

环己烷在射流搅拌反应器中的低温氧化动力学初探:实验和动力学模型研究

We report the investigation on the low-temperature oxidation of cyclohexane in a jet-stirred reactor over 500-742 K. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS) was used for identifying and quantifying the oxidation species. Major products, cyclic olefins, and oxygenated products including reactive hydroperoxides and high oxygen compounds were detected. Compared with n-alkanes, a narrow low-temperature window (~80 K) was observed in the low-temperature oxidation of cyclohexane. Besides, a kinetic model for cyclohexane oxidation was developed based on the CNRS model[Combust. Flame 160, 2319 (2013)], which can better capture the experimental results than previous models. Based on the modeling analysis, the 1,5-H shift dominates the crucial isomerization steps of the first and second O₂ addition products in the low-temperature chain branching process of cyclohexane. The negative temperature coefficient behavior of cyclohexane oxidation results from the reduced chain branching due to the competition from chain inhibition and propagation reactions, i.e. the reaction between cyclohexyl radical and O₂ and the decomposition of cyclohexylperoxy radical, both producing cyclohexene and HO₂ radical, as well as the decomposition of cyclohexylhydroperoxy radical producing hex-5-en-1-al and OH radical.