Coherent Acoustic Phonon and Its Chirping in Dirac Semimetal Cd_3As_2

Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of a single crystal of a Dirac semimetal Cd_3As_(2 )is carried out.An acoustic phonon(AP)mode with central frequency f=0.037 THz(i.e.,1.23 cm~(-1)or 0.153 meV)is unambiguously generated and detected,which we attribute to laser-induced thermal strain.An AP chirping(i.e.,variation of the phonon frequency)is clearly detected,which is ascribed to heat capacity variation with time.By comparing our experimental results and the theoretical model,we obtain a chirping time constant,which is 31.2 ps at 6 K and 19.8 ps at 300 K,respectively.Significantly,we identify an asymmetry in the AP frequency domain peak and find that it is caused by the chirping,instead of a Fano resonance.Moreover,we experimentally demonstrate that the central frequency of AP is extremely stable with varying laser fluence,as well as temperature,which endows Cd_3As_2application potentials in thermoelectric devices.     

改进矢量外推Richardson-Lucy算法在波前编码图像复原中的应用

将指数修正嵌入到矢量外推框架中,构建了一种改进的矢量外推Richardson-Lucy算法。以结构相似度因子作为评价指标,优化彩色图像三通道最佳迭代次数,确定矢量外推加速参量与指数修正加速参量最优组合.试验结果表明:改进的矢量外推Richardson-Lucy算法总迭代次数减少了78.9%,能有效抑制噪声放大,无需后续处理就能获得视觉质量更好的复原效果.该研究可为Richardson-Lucy算法在实时波前编码成像中的应用提供参考.     

空间目标天文定位方法及观测分析

研究并分析了一种加权最小二乘曲面法,将其用于空间目标天文观测,该方法不仅简单方便,而且还能够用于高准确度、大数据量的天文定位.通过实际星空观测,对连续拍摄的星图进行分析计算,结果表明,拟合均方误差在赤经和赤纬方向均优于4″.赤纬的定位准确度高于赤经的定位准确度,在赤经与赤纬方向上的最大定位误差分别为5.13″和1.74″.该方法降低了恒星位置误差对观测结果的影响,剔除了定标星的偶然匹配误差,提高了观测数据的利用率以及天文定位准确度,在实际工作中有较高的应用价值.     

双光子荧光探针在生物传感中的应用

荧光探针由于其灵敏度高、选择性好等优势已经成为研究复杂生物系统的有力工具。和单光子荧光探针相比,双光子荧光探针由于其激发光源较大的穿透深度、低的组织自发荧光干扰以及较好的空间选择性在生物传感中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。在本篇综述中,我们从双光子荧光探针的设计原理出发,系统全面地介绍了双光子荧光探针在金属离子、细胞微环境、活性物质(包含活性氧、活性氮、活性硫)、酶和亚细胞器(线粒体、溶酶体)等检测中的应用研究。在此之后,展望了有机双光子荧光探针在开发和应用方面尚待科学界解决的关键机遇和挑战。     

高分辨和超分辨光学成像技术在空间和生物中的应用

大到天文光学望远镜观察浩瀚的宇宙, 小到光学显微镜探察细微的纳米世界, 光学成像技术在人类探索和发现未知世界奥秘的活动中扮演着至关重要的角色. 看得更远、看得更细、看得更清楚是人们不断追求的目标. 传统光学理论已证明所有经典光学系统都是一个衍射受限系统, 即光学系统空间分辨率的物理极限是由光的波长和系统的相对孔径(或数值孔径)决定的. 能否突破这个极限？能否不断提高光学系统的成像分辨率？围绕着这个问题, 本文综述了近年来开展的各种光学高分辨和超分辨成像技术, 及其在空间探测和生物领域中的应用.     

Analytical and experimental demonstration of depth of field extension for incoherent imaging system with a standard sinusoidal phase mask

The wavefront coding technique is used to enlarge the depth of field（DOF）of incoherent imaging systems. The key to wavefront coding lies in the design of suitable phase masks.To date,numerous kinds of phase masks are proposed.However,further understanding is needed regarding phase mask with its phase function being in a standard sinusoidal form.Therefore,the characteristics of such a phase mask are studied in this letter.Deriving the defocused optical transfer function（OTF）analytically proves that the standard sinusoidal phase mask is effective in extending the DOF,and actual experiments confirm the numerical results.At the same time,with the Fisher information as a criterion,the standard sinusoidal phase mask shows a higher tolerance to focus errors（especially severe focus errors）than the classical cubic phase mask.