Structural and physical properties of undoped and nickel-doped BaFe2-xNixAs2（x = 0,0.04） single crystals

<正>Single crystals of undoped and nickel-doped BaFe_(2-x)Ni_xAs_2(x=0,0.04) have been grown by FeAs self-flux method.The maximum dimension of the crystal is as large as ~ 1 cm along the ab plane.The crystalline topography of a cleaved crystal surface is examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM).By x-ray powder diffraction(XRD) experiments using pure silicon as an internal standard,precise unit cell parameters(tetragonal at room temperature) are determined:a = 3.9606(4) A(1 A=0.1 nm),c = 13.015(2) A for BaFe_(1.96)Ni_(0.04)As_2 and a = 3.9590(5) A,c = 13.024(1) A for BaFe_2As_2.DC magnetization and transport measurements are performed to check superconducting transition(T_c=15 K for x=0.04) and other subtle anomalies.For BaFe_(0.96)Ni_(0.04)As_2 crystal,the resistance curve at normal state shows two distinct anomalies associated with spin and structure transitions,and its magnetization data above ~ 91 K exhibit a linear temperature dependence due to spin density wave(SDW) instability.     

Floating-zone growth and property characterizations of high-quality La2-хSrхCuO4 superconductor crystals

We have grown underdoped(x=0.11,0.12) and optimally doped(x=0.16) La2 x SrxCuO4 single crystals by the traveling-solvent floating-zone technique.In order to prepare good quality cuprate crystals,we have made much effort to optimize the preparation procedures.For example,we haveadopted the sol-gel route to prepare a highly fine and homogeneous La2xSrxCuO4 precursor powder for fabricating a very dense ceramic feed rod used for the floating-zone growth,and we have also used quite a slow growth rate.The high quality of the grown crystals has been verified by double-crystal x-ray rocking curves,with the full-width-at-half-maximum being only 113-150 arcseconds,which are the best data reported so far for La2xSrxCuO4 crystals.The superconducting critical temperatures of the grown crystals are 30,31 and 38.5 K for x=0.11,0.12 and 0.16 samples,respectively,according to magnetic measurements.     

Doping Mn into(Li_(1-x)Fe_x)OHFe_(1-y)Se superconducting crystals via ion-exchange and ion-release/introduction syntheses

We report the success in introducing Mn into(Li_(1-_x)Fe_x)OHFe_(1-y) Se superconducting crystals by applying two different hydrothermal routes, ion e_xchange(1-step) and ion release/introduction(2-step). The micro-region _x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive _x-ray spectroscopy analyses indicate that Mn has been doped into the lattice, and its content in the 1-step fabricated sample is higher than that in the 2-step one. Magnetic susceptibility and electric transport properties reveal that Mn doping influences little on the superconducting transition, regardless of 1-step or 2-step routes. By contrast, the characteristic temperature T*, at which the negative Hall coefficient reaches its minimum, is significantly reduced by Mn doping.This implies that the hole carriers contribution is obviously modified, and hence the hole band might have no direct relationship with the superconductivity in(Li_(1-_x)Fe_x)OHFe_(1-y) Se superconductors. Our present hydrothermal methods of ion e_xchange and ion release/introduction provide an efficient way for elements substitution/doping into(Li_(1-_x)Fe_x)OHFe_(1-y) Se superconductors, which will promote the in-depth investigations on the role of multiple electron and hole bands and their interplay with the high-temperature superconductivity in the FeSe-based superconductors.     

铁硒基超导研究新进展:高质量(Li,Fe)OHFeSe单晶薄膜

单晶薄膜形态的高温超导材料对于相关基础科学研究和应用开发都极为重要.多带的铁基高温超导体往往呈现丰富的物理现象,并具有较高的超导临界参数.特别是近年发现的插层（Li,Fe）OHFeSe超导体,无论对高温超导机理还是应用研究而言,都日益受到重视,已成为铁基家族中重要的典型材料.但是,该化合物含有OH键,加热易分解.因此,现有的常规高温成膜技术均不适用于生长该薄膜材料.为解决这一生长难题,我们最近发明了基体辅助水热外延生长法,实现了超导薄膜制备技术上的突破.本文简要介绍用此软化学成膜技术首次成功制备出（Li,Fe）OHFeSe单晶薄膜.该薄膜材料具有优良的结晶质量和较高的超导临界参数,特别是其高的临界电流密度和上临界场对应用开发有实际价值.因此,（Li,Fe）OHFeSe超导单晶薄膜的成功合成,为机理研究和应用开发分别提供了重要的实验载体和备选材料.另外,该薄膜技术也有望应用于其他功能材料的探索与合成,尤其是对常规手段难以获取的材料更具重大价值.     

B-1结构超导化合物的电荷转移模型

本文建立了适用于B-I结构超导化合物的电荷转移模型的关系式,根据此式对15种过渡金属碳、氮化合物的超导临界温度进行了计算.并进一步对NbN-NbC等准二元化合物的T_c-组分关系曲线做了分析、估算,定性上较合理地说明了曲线极值的存在,定量上也与实验曲线大致相符合.     

IRREVERSIBILITY LINE AND THERMAL DEPINNING IN YBa2Cu3O7-δ

By measuring magnetic torque moment in a field-sweeping process, the temperature and field dependence of the critical current density j (with a criterion of electric field) and the normalized relaxation rate Q = d lnj/d ln E of a YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film were obtained. With a minimum current density (j_min = 10A·cm^-2) the irreversibility lines at different sweeping rates were determined. It was found that these irreversibility lines cannot be fitted to either the melting line or the vortex-glass transition. All the data can be interpreted by the thermally-assisted-flux-flow model. Further investigation shows that, at irreversible tem-perature and field, U_c is much smaller than k_BT, which indicates that the thermal depinning is the real origin of the irreversibility line.     

Y1—xPrxBaxCu3O7—δ超导体正常态异常的正电子湮没研究

在７７－３００Ｋ温度范围内用正电子湮没方法测量了Ｙ１－ｘＰｒｘＢａＣｕ３Ｏ７－δ（ｘ＝０．２，０．１，０．０）三个超导样品中正电子湮没寿命随温度的变化，细致地研究了正常态异常现象，ｘ为０．０和０．１的二个样品分别在较Ｔｃ高４０Ｋ和３０Ｋ处观察到了正常态异常现象．ｘ＝０．２样品没有观察到正常态异常现象，实验观察到的正常态异常现象可能是发生超导转的前秦，由结构不稳定产生的类相变所致。     

常压和高压合成MgB2的低温比热及两个超导能隙研究

测量了常压和高压合成MgB2超导样品6K—80K的比热,并在数据拟合中考虑了爱因斯坦振动模的贡献,得到其电子比热数据.解释了超声测量得到的德拜温度和低温比热拟合结果之间的巨大差异.并且在12K附近观察到了异常的电子比热,此异常来源于MgB2的第二个能隙.此外,对高压和常压合成对样品的影响做了初步分析. 关键词： 低温比热 MgB2 能隙     

重电子体系及其超导电性

在本刊第１５卷第１期,章立源［１］对重费米子系统及其超导电性已经作了介绍．在该文的基础上,本文主要谈及有关的一些实验和不寻常的性质,也简述目前在解释这些实验现象时提出的一些理论,作为补充．一、一些实验结果１．正常态的性质让我们来看一看实验中观察到的重电子材料在低温下的一些与一般金属迥然不同的性质．先看电阻率ρ．在３００Ｋ往下,通常金属的电阻率从１到１０μΩ·ｃｍ开始,随温度降低很快．而在重电?...     

探索高临界温度超导体

一、临界温度需要而且也是可能提高的超导体问世已经六十年了．对其机制的认识和使之变成有应用价值的新材料还只是近二十年的事．超导体虽然受到要求在极低温度下工作的限制,但由于它具有独特的性质,使它在某些方面的应用显示出无可匹敌的优越性,而受到人们重视．在电力工程上,若建立强场的磁体或者与强磁体大电流有关的设备（如电机）,使用普通的良导体,不仅消耗巨大的能量,更重要的是由于发热而带来的冷却散热问题,?...