颗粒超导电性的理论研究

对超导体的尺寸效应的最初兴趣,来自于发现了某些超导体(Al,sn,In等),当它们沉积在冷底板(4.2—20K)上时,超导转变温度T_c有明显增加。相对于大块晶状超导体,有的提高达3—5倍。经电子显微镜及电子衍射确定,这些冷凝薄膜由小颗粒组成,在某些情况下它们成为非晶态。经过了近卅年的研究,颗粒超导体T_c变化的机制仍是一个未解决的问题。目前有最坚实的实验和理论基础,仍属电-声子相互作用机制。颗粒超导体研究中,人们非常关心的问题是:哪类超导体制成颗粒材料后,T_c能够提高?     

研磨对Y-123和Bi(Pb)-2223超导相的影响

通过X射线衍射、差热分析、电子显微镜、超导电性测量等手段研究了研磨对Y-123和Bi(Ph)-2223超导相和成相过程的影响。结果表明:研磨对Y-123和Bi(Ph)-2223超导相的影响显著不同,研磨导制了Bi(Ph)-2223超导相的破坏。同时指出Bi(Ph)-2223超导相同一结构特征的两种属性:好的可塑性和结构易破坏性。前者是优点,后者是缺点。在加工、测量、使用过程中,要尽力避免后一缺点带来的超导电性的破坏或由于局部结构破坏而导致的整体性能的降低。     

Bi－2201单晶调制结构的X射线衍射观测

本文用Ｘ射线的方法对Ｂｉ－２２０１大片超导单晶的调制结构进行了研究．在衍射谱中，除了００１的主衍射峰外，还出现了一系列卫星峰．由这些卫星峰的位置可以得到这种单晶的调制波矢ｑ＝０．２０８ｂ＋０．３６ｃ．这与用电子显微镜观测的结果基本一致．     

Au-Bi2Sr1.94La0.06CuO6+δ点接触中的Andreev反射：能隙函数及其温度关系

我们用Ａｕ 针尖对过掺杂的Ｂｉ２Ｓｒ１ ．９４Ｌａ０ ．０６ＣｕＯ６ ＋ δ（Ｂｉ２２０１） 单晶进行点接触隧道谱测量．在Ｔｃ 以下观测到典型的Ａｎｄｒｅｅｖ 反射．用扩展的ＢＴＫ 理论拟合实验数据，发现除了ｄ 波外还必须考虑ｓ 波成份才能较好的拟合，并且ｓ 波含量随不同的实验而不同．这种含量变化可能和针尖与单晶表面的接触程度有关．实验观测到的总能隙随温度的关系偏离ＢＣＳ的能隙温度关系     

Y1—xPrxBa2Cu3Oy中与铁弹性有关的能量损耗的研究

本用拉伸实验的方法，在室温至７８Ｋ的温度范围内，研究了Ｙ１－ｘＰｒｘＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｙ（ｘ分别为０，０．１，０．３，０．４和０．６）的铁弹性行为。结果表明，Ｔｃ以上几十度温度范度内与铁弹性行为有关的能量损耗分析（△Ｗ／Ｗ）以及类似于热弹性马氏体含量的形状记忆效应与类相变有关，并与超导电性有内在的联系。     

THE SCREENING EFFECT OF PHONON MODES IN HIGH-Tc OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTOR

This paper presents three different kinds of infrared (IR) spectra of oxide materials. The first one is the IR reflection spectra of Ti₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ superconducting film at the incident angles 7°, 12° and 30°. The second one is the IR spectra of nonsuperconducting ceramic materials YBa₂Cu₃O₆ and PrBa₂Cu₃O₇. The third one is the IR spectra of superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ and of its film with the c-axis perpendicular to the film plane, as well as the changes in the spectra of these materials after annealing at different temperatures. It is found that in the spectra of high-T_c oxide superconductor, only the phonon modes along c-axis can be observed while the modes in a-b plane are absent. But in the spectra of nonsuperconductors the modes in a-b plane can be observed, particularly in the absorption spectra of the semiconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₆, all eleven allowed IR active modes have been detected. We suggest that the above experimental phenomena may result from the fact that the phonon modes vibrating in the a-b plane of the high-T_c oxide superconducting materials are almost screened by the free carriers which can move only in a-b plane.     

PREPARATION OF a-AXIS ORIENTED YBa2Cu3Ox THIN FILMS

The a-axis oriented YBa₂Cu₃O_x(YBCO) thin films could be grown on (100) SrTiO₃(STO) substrates with STO buffer layers by dc and rf magnetron sputtering either by low-ering the deposition temperature, or by using a self-template technique. For the latter, the resistivity of the thin film at 290K along the substrate [001] direction is about four times larger than that in the [010] direction. The zero resistance temperatures T_c0 are 89 K in both directions. So high quality a-axis oriented YBCO thin films can be prepared by the self-template technique. Also the T_c0 increase monotonously with the reduction of the thickness of the YBCO seed layer.     

Ti-Pd系的超导性

自从1912年Onnes发现世界上第一个超导合金其T_c略高于组成元素的自身值之后,人们不断地努力寻找比组成元素T_c值有较大幅度提高的各种组合,至今已找到了数以千计的超导合金和化合物.关于Ti-Pd系二元合金,Raub等人曾提过A-15结构的Ti_4Pd会有超导性,但尚未见到详细的研究报道,Ti-Pd系超导性的研究基本是空白.     

La1.65Sr0.35CaCu2O4+δCly在高压下的电学性质与相变

利用金刚石压砧中的电阻测量技术和Ｘ射线衍射分析了在室温下和２２ＧＰａ压力范围内氯氧化合物超导材料Ｌａ１．６５Ｓｒ０．３５ＣａＣｕ２Ｏ４＋δＣｌｕ的相变行为。观测到了包括由晶相向非晶相转变在内的一些不可逆的相变。     

Single crystal growth and characterizations of iron arsenide superconductor BaFe2-xNixAs2（0.0≤x≤0.12）

A series of big single crystals of BaFeFe_2-xNi_xAs₂ have been prepared by the FeAs self-flux method, with nominal nickel doping x = 0--0.12. The dimensions of the cleaved crystals are over 10~mm along ab plane and ～ 2~mm in maximum along the c direction. The measurements of x-ray diffraction, electrical resistance and magnetic property are carried out on the crystals. For the undoped parent compound BaFe₂As₂, both resistance and magnetization data display an anomaly associated with spin density wave and/or structural phase transition, with the transition temperatures at ～ 138~K. For Ni-doped BaFe_2-xNi_xAs₂ crystals, the superconducting critical temperature T_c ranges from 4.3~K for x=0.06 sample to 20~K for the optimally doped x=0.10 crystal.