磁通量子隧道效应及其对实验临界电流的影响

采用磁扫描测量方法,在YBCO(123和124)薄膜上获得了实验临界电流和磁弛豫率随温度及磁场的依赖关系,借助于集体钉扎和热激活磁通运动模型,求出了真实临界电流(即对应于激活能为0的电流),从而区分开量子磁通隧道效应和热激活磁通运动对实验临界电流的影响,发现当温度(T)约低于10K时,由于磁通量子隧道效应的存在使得磁弛豫率不再随温度的下降外延至零,这种额外的磁通运动进一步降低了实验临界电流值,使其在低温下随温度降低而趋于饱和.     

垂直磁场中超导薄膜上的涡旋涨落

本文用二维非中性库仑气体模型描述磁场中超导薄膜上的涡旋涨落,将中性库仑气体的自洽方程组推广到非中性模型,并求得其数值解．文中着重讨论了非中性模型电荷配对的渡越行为和再入现象     

INTERNAL FRICTION AND ULTRASONIC ATTENUATION RELATED TO CARRIERS IN HIGH Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS

For both BiSrCaCuO and TlBaCaCuO samples, internal frictions (Q^-1) in the kHz range reveal a plateau (Q^-1_p) above T_c and a rapid drop below T_c with the turning points located just at T_c for various samples with different T_c. This anomaly cannot be observed in non-superconducting samples. The ultrasonic attenuation (α) in TlBaCaCuO displays similar results to the internal friction. Moreover, it is discovered that the Q^-1_p is nearly proportional to the carrier density for Y(Pr)BaCuO and Gd(Pr)BaCuO with different Pr contents. These results show that the drop of Q^-1 and a below T_c is closely related to superconducting condensation. The Q^-1_p and α_p can be explained using coupling-model of carriers with local dynamic distortion because high T_c superconductors are strong-correlation systems. Furthermore, by taking account of the smearing of superconducting gap structure resulting from the recombination of quasi-particles and by modifying the BCS relative jump rate as S(E, E', Γ) = Re{1-Δ²/[(E-iΓ)(E'-iΓ)]}, the calculated results of internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation below T_c are in good agreement with the experimental data. The superconducting gap Δ and the damping rate Γ for both BiSrCaCuO and TlBaCaCuO have also been obtained, they are in accordance with those got by tunneling spectrum and NMR methods, etc.     

新概念下的Sn掺杂(La1-xSrx)2Cu1-xSnxO4超导体的MÖssbauer谱研究 *

对新概念指导下而设计的 (La_1-xSr_x)2Cu_1-xSn_xO₄超导体进行了¹¹⁹Sn M_Össbauer谱研究 .对不同掺杂量样品的系统研究表明 ,M_Össbauer谱实验结果进一步证实了Sn以Sn⁴⁺价态存在并占据Cu晶位 ,不存在占据La晶位的Sn^{2 +}离子 .Sn⁴⁺离子附近的局域晶格畸变较小 ,但是随Sn掺杂量有增加趋势 .在对La₂ CuO₄母体进行Sr和Sn同时掺杂所引入的载流子对超导电性的影响存在新的机制 .在新的额外氧机制下 ,讨论了Sn掺杂所导致的额外氧对超导电性的影响 .     

PHASE SEPARATION AND JOSEPHSON-COUPLING ORIGIN FOR THE ANOMALOUS Hc2 BEHAVIOR IN OVERDOPED Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+δ CRYSTALS

Hole-overdoped Bi₂Sr_2-xLa_xCuO_6+$\delta$ single crystals with two coexistent superconducting transitions have been intensively studied by measuring the dc magnetic susceptibility. It is found that the coexistence of these two phases cannot be attributed to any chemical or vortex dynamical effect but to some intrinsic driving force, such as the electronic-driven phase separation. Furthermore, the upper critical fields of the two phases behave in a rather different way; that is, one of them shows a "normal H_c2 behavior" which can be described by the critical fluctuation theory, while the other exhibits an "anomalous H_c2 behavior" and can be well explained by a recent theory based on an assumption of a Josephson-coupling origin, indicating a strong evidence of Josephson-coupling origin for the upward curvature of the so-called H_c2 in high T_c superconductors.     

用Cu_2O合成Y－123超导体的研究

用Ｃｕ_２Ｏ合成Ｙ－１２３超导体的研究兰玉成中国科学院物理研究所车广灿，吴非，陈红，贾顺莲，董成，赵忠贤中国科学院物理所超导实验室，北京１０００８０１９９５年１１月２７日收到一、引言众所周知，在高Ｔｃ氧化物超导体中，［ＣＵ－Ｏ］ｐ层或［Ｃｕ－Ｏ］ｐ链?..     

ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF La2CuO4 SINGLE CRYSTALS

Bulk superconducting La₂CuO_4+δ single crystals are obtained by using electrochemical intercalation technique from the as-grown insulating samples. Oxidation is carried out by constant current I=10μA at temperature T=70℃ and room temperature, respectively. Structure and magnetic properties are studied by low-temperature X-ray diffraction and susceptibility measurements. A superconducting phase with T_c of 19K and δ-0.12 can be attributed to the formation of oxygen clusters. Room temperature oxidation is inhomogeneous: two superconducting phases with T_c1 of 24K and T_c2 of 8K and an antiferromagnetic phase are coexisting in the crystal. It is found that the appearance of T_c in this system has the "step" tendency.     

高压下氙变成金属,硫变成了超导体

对于任何物质加足够高的压力,由于体积减少和电子密度增加,一定会变成金属.人们也会更进一步地认为,在足够高以及足够低的温度下,这些物质大概也会变成超导的.最近,美国康奈尔的一个小组报告,采用静态方法制备出了金属氙.通用电器公司的一个小组和苏联的两个小组报告发现了硫的超导性,实验都是在几十万个大气压下进打的.人们从事这方面研究的一个重要目标是希望能制备出金属氢,理论上预言金属氢是高温超导体,并希望在压力去掉之后仍能保持超导的金属态.估计这将需要3—5Kbar大气压.为达到这样高的压力和将之检测出来,还需要做很大的努力.人…     

超导电性研究近况

在第十五届国际低温物理会议上超导电性方面的论文有170篇,其中邀请报告12篇。     

用XRD和ACS测量研究Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ超导体的应力钉扎机制

利用X射线衍射（XRD）和交流磁化率（ACχ）方法系统地研究了Y1x-EuxBa2Cu3O7-δ（x=0.0-1.0）超导体,研究发现Eu 掺杂替代了Y晶位后引起晶格失想与电流密度有密切的联系,对于不同掺杂成分样品,X射线衍射线分析表明（006）及（007）衍射峰型随掺杂量变化,杂浓度在30％和70％附近时,半高宽（FWHM)再现极大值,表明此时样品的晶格失配最大,与此相对应,电流密度Js也在此掺杂浓度范围内达到极大值,我们在晶格失配应力场的钉钆模型下对实现现象进行了讨论,认为Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ超导体中由元素替代引起的晶格失配应力场是有效的钉扎中心。