在同步辐射软X射线能区硅光电二极管的自标定

在同步辐射软X光能区(50—2000eV)进行了硅光电二极管的自标定实验.因为消除了二极管的“死区”并采用很薄层的SiO₂作窗,使得可以用简单的模型来分析实验结果.由实验测得的光电流,计算出硅光电二极管的量子效率,并求得入射同步辐射的光通量.     

透射光栅谱仪的整体标定

 提出了透射光栅谱仪整体标定的建议,并在北京同步辐射源上首次对ICF实验中所用的透射光栅谱仪进行了整体标定, 获得了与分别标定基本一致的结果。与分别标定相比,整体标定具有实验步骤少、实验数据处理简单、标定结果使用更加直接等优点。     

软X光能谱仪探测元件响应曲线标定

报道了软X光能谱仪探测元件的能量响应曲线标定工作.实验利用北京同步辐射装置–3W1B束线及反射率计靶室,在束流40—80mA、贮存环电子能量2.2GeV专用光运行模式下,在150—1500eV能区的四个能段,做了铝阴极X射线二极管、滤光片及掠入射平面反射镜能量响应标定实验.通过实验数据比对及分析,最终给出X射线二极管在不同能量段最大可能的测量误差范围.     

天文观察用超软X射线探测器的标定

在北京同步辐射装置3W1B光束线上,对天文观测用超软X射线(0.2keV—3.5keV)正比计数管探测器进行了系统地标定.得到了正比计数管的死时间、计数率坪曲线、能量线性、能量分辨、窗材料透过比曲线;借助于已标定过的光电二极管探测器,测量了正比管探测器的能量响应效率,标定不确定度在10%—18%之间.另外,还对正比管系统在卫星上的六道记录和在实验室里的多道记录进行了对比,两种记录方式符合得很好.     

软X光平面镜反射率标定实验

报道了掠入射软X光平面镜反射率标定实验。实验利用北京同步辐射装置 (BSRF) 3W 1B束线及反射率计靶室 ,在束流 35mA～ 110mA、贮存环电子能量 2GeV专用光运行模式下 ,在 5 0eV～ 85 0eV能区分四个能段 ,进行了 5°掠入射Ni平面镜反射率标定实验。标定过程中用高灵敏度无死层的硅光二极管代替X射线二极管作探测器 ,输出信号提高 2～ 3个量级 ,可标定能区从 15 0eV～ 2 70eV拓展到 5 0eV～ 85 0eV ,给出了完整的 5°Ni平面镜反射率标定曲线。最后把实验数据与理论计算作了比对并进行了分析。     

Investigation of sulfur speciation in particles from small coal-burning boiler by XANES spectroscop

Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectroscopy was employed to study the speciation of sulfur in raw coal, ash by-product and fine particulate matter from a small coal-burning boiler. By means of least square analysis of the XANES spectra, the major organic and inorganic sulfur forms were quantitatively determined. The results show that about 70% of the sulfur in raw coal is present as organic and a minor fraction of the sulfur occurs as other forms： 17% of pyrite and 13% of sulfate. While in bottom ash, fly ash, and PM2.5, the dominant form of sulfur is sulfate, with the percentage of 80,79 and 94, respectively. Moreover, a number of other reduced sulfur including thiophenic sulfur, element sulfur and pyrrhotite are also present. During coal combustion, most of organic sulfur and pyrite were oxidized and released into the atmosphere as SO2 gas, part of them was converted to sulfate existing in coal combustion by-products, and a small part of pyrite was probably reduced to elemental sulfur and pyrrhotite. The results may provide information for assessing the pollution caused by small boiler and developing new methods for the control of SO2 pollution.     

Transfer characterization of sulfur from coal-burning emission to plant leaves by PIXE and XANES

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO₄^2－. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.     

几种磷氮极压抗磨添加剂在聚乙二醇中的摩擦学研究

以十二胺和十八胺、磷酸二甲酯和磷酸二丁酯为原料合成系列磷酸酰胺类P-N型极压抗磨添加剂,用四球摩擦磨损评价了其添加到聚乙二醇(PEG-400)中的摩擦学性能,并用X射线吸收精细结构光谱(XANES)对所形成的摩擦膜进行了表面分析,初步探讨了该类添加剂的摩擦化学作用机理.摩擦学性能评价结果表明:所合成的P-N型添加剂添加于聚乙二醇(P-EG)润滑液中都具有良好的摩擦学性能,其中烷基链较短的PN1表现出优异的抗磨和耐极压特性.XANES分析结果显示:该类P-N型添加剂在PEG润滑液生成的摩擦膜主要有吸附层和反应层组成,在反应层中,磷元素主要以磷酸盐和聚磷酸盐形式存在.     

nm量级薄膜厚度测量

 为了获得nm量级薄膜样品的精确厚度,采用软X射线反射率拟合方法、Bragg衍射方程方法和反射率Fourier变换方法分析了常规Cu靶X射线衍射数据及软X射线反射率数据。对厚度测量结果进行比较,3种方法得到的结果一致性很好。其中,软X射线反射率拟合和Bragg衍射方程方法精度很高,优于1 nm,Fourier变换方法精度稍低。对于单层W薄膜样品,3种方法获得厚度分别为(15.21±0.60) nm,(14.0±1.0) nm和(13.8±1.5) nm;对于双层W/C薄膜样品,W层厚度分别为(12.64±0.60) nm,(13.0±1.0) nm和(13.9±1.5) nm。这3种方法测量结果精度主要取决于反射率数据测量精度,而Fourier变换方法精度随着能量升高而提高,随着掠入射角范围增大而提高。     

Measurement of integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt region. An experimental method has been developed to measure the integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The integral diffraction coefficients of several crystals including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thallium acid phthalate (TlAP) and rubidium acid phthalate (RAP) crystals have been measured in the x-ray energy range 2100--5600 eV and compared with the calculations of the 'Darwin Prins' and the 'Mosaic' models. It is shown that the integral diffraction coefficients of these crystals are between the calculations of the 'Darwin Prins' and the 'Mosaic' models, but more close to the `Darwin Prins' model calculations.