Research on the distributed optical remote sensing of methane employing single laser source

A design and testing of a cost-effective distributed optical remote sensing methane system,which will helpone to detect gas leaks from multi-coal face in mines simultaneously,is presented.The fundamentals ofthe remote detection are based on frequency-modulation spectroscopy(FMS)and harmonic detection.Byutilizing fiber-optic splitting technique and reference-signal restoring circuit,the remote sensing system isfeasible to employ single laser source to get multi-spot measurement in the near infrared region so thatthe system described here shows sufficient sensibility,considerably increased reliability and marketabilityover the presently available system.The minimum measurable path-integrated concentration is estimatedto be about 423 ppb-m by experimentation.     

单分子光子源信号背景比的研究

通过在不同信号背景比下的最佳信号噪声比分析,讨论单分子光子源背景信号分别为时间均匀分布和指数特性分布时同步取样时间的选取.在Hanbury-Brown-Twiss探测方式下,测量光子源的单事件光子统计概率P(n,n=0、1、2).研究给出在P(1)2P(2)-3P(2)时,直接测量单分子光子源的信号背景比的方法SBR=[P(1)]2/2P(2).当信号背景比SBR>2.41时研究给出判别单分子的方法P(2)<(2-4-2n-)2/2,n为每个激发周期内探测到的平均光子数.     

Appropriate Gate Time for Single Molecular Photon Detection Based on Optimal Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analyses

Signal-to-noise ratio of fluorescence detection from a single molecule ＆ analysed by using time-gated techniques. It is found that the optimal signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained by choosing an appropriate gate time with a certain optical background. The dependences of molecular fluorescence lifetime and the optimal signal-to-noise ratio on the appropriate gate time are respectively discussed with two kinds of background sources~ chaotic state with uniform distribution and coherent state with exponential distribution in time domain. For chaotic state background we find that a certain range for appropriate gate time can be obtained with a definite fluorescence lifetime, larger fluorescence lifetime would lower the value of optimal signal-to-noise ratios. For coherent state background we find that there is also a narrow range of appropriate gate time when lifetime of single molecule is less than that of background photons.     

Saturation of Photoassociation in Cs Magneto-optical Trap

An ultrahigh resolution photoassociation spectrum of caesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap is presented. Hyperfine structure of the excited state molecule is obtained by using the lock-in method based on modulated cold atoms in this spectrum. Amplitude of resonant lines related to the rotational levels increases with photoassociation laser intensity, and saturation effect of photoassociation of cold atoms is observed in our experiment. The saturation intensity of photoassociation is deduced by fitting the experimental data to asaturation model based on scattering theory. Differences among saturation intensities of different rotational progressions in the υ=55 vibrational state of the caesium molecular long-range 0_g^- state have been found.     

Photon statistics measurement for coherent fields

An efficient scheme for photon statistics measurement is presented based on the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss configuration. We set the sampling time Ts to satisfy the relationship of Ts 〈 Td 〈 Tm, where Td is the dead time of each detector and Tm is the laser pulse repetition period. And each single photon detector cannot detect more than one photon in each pulse. The approach can sufficiently eliminate the influences of the detector＇s dead time on photon statistics. At last, the photon statistics of coherent field is experimentally determined.     

Generation and propagation of subpicosecond pulse train

Higher-order nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation with the Hirota constraint conditions is considered, and an analytic solution, which can describe the modulational instability process, is presented. Based on the solution, a new pulse train without continuous wave (CW) background is generated in quadratures and the propagation of the pulse train is discussed in detail by simulating numerically. The results show that, unlike the propagation of the picosecond pulse train, under the effects of the higher-order terms, the pulse train cannot propagate along the fibre when the energy is very high; however, for some medium energy the pulse train can stably propagate. We also investigate the stability of the pulse train against violation of the Hirota conditions, and the results show that the pulse train can still propagate stably when the Hirota conditions are broken.     

Determination of hyperfine structure constants of 5D_(5/2) and 7S_(1/2) states of rubidium in cascade atomic system

We present a method to precisely determine the hyperfine structure constants of the rubidium 5D_(5/2) and 7S_(1/2) states in a cascade atomic system. The probe laser is coupled to the 5S_(1/2)→ 5P_(3/2) hyperfine transition, while the coupling laser is scanned over the 5P_(3/2)→ 5D_(5/2)(7S_(1/2)) transition. The high-resolution double-resonance optical pumping spectra are obtained with two counter-propagating laser beams acting on rubidium vapor. The hyperfine splitting structures are accurately measured by an optical frequency ruler based on the acousto-optic modulator, thus, the magnetic dipole hyperfine coupling constant A and quadrupole coupling constant B are determined. It is of great significance for the atomic hyperfine structure and fundamental physics research.     

High-l Rydberg States＇ Interference Using a Double-Pulse Electric Field

The interference behavior of high-1 Rydberg states is investigated in external fields. We prepare high-l states from an initial excited ns Cs Rydberg state by applying one electric-field pulse. The interference between the initial ns state and the high-I states is investigated by two time-delayed short electric-field pulses. The state selective field ionization technique is used to measure the transfer ratio versus the field pulses parameters. The visibility of interference is defined to describe interference and the results show that a relative long duration of electric-field pulse will weaken the interference.     

Cold cesium molecules produced directly in a magneto-optical trap

We report on the observation of ultracold ground electric-state cesium molecules produced directly in a magneto- optical trap with a good signal-to-noise ratio. These molecules arise from the photoassociation of magneto-optical trap lasers and they are detected by resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization technology. The production rate of ultracold cesium molecules is up to 4×10⁴ s^-1. We measure the characteristic time of the ground electric-state cesium molecules generated in the experiment and investigate the Cs₂⁺ molecular ion intensity as a function of the trapping laser intensity and the ionization pulse laser energy. We conclude that the production of cold cesium molecules may be enhanced by using appropriate experimental parameters, which is useful for future experiments involving the production and trapping of ultracold ground electric-state molecules.     

激光诱导等离子体光谱用于煤中氧的定量分析

利用激光诱导等离子体光谱(LIPS)技术实现对燃煤电厂输煤管中煤质的在线检测对于提高锅炉燃烧效率具有重要的现实意义,但对煤中氧含量的测量却是个难题.提出了一种新的数据处理方法,主要包括内标法、最佳分析线选择法、温度校正法及多线法等,来提高对煤中氧含量定量分析的准确性和重复性.实验中先通过8组煤样获得了煤中氧的定标方程,然后又利用其它6组煤样来验证该定标方程的准确性.实验结果表明,利用本数据处理方法对煤中氧含量测量的绝对误差小于1.1 %,多次测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5.9%,显示了较高的测量精度和重复性.