具有色散补偿及增益平衡的光纤链中准孤子传输

用变分法研究非线性薛定谔方程, 讨论了在有色散补偿及增益平衡的光纤链中双曲正割（ｓｅｃｈ）型和高斯型准孤子的传输条件及特性。并给出了最优化设计的判据。根据判据作了数值模拟, 结果说明近似计算对系统设计有现实意义     

法拉第旋转镜用于补偿单光子偏振漂移的实验研究

研究了法拉第旋转镜用于补偿单模光纤中1 550 nm单光子传输的偏振漂移特性.比较了不同平均光子数下经由不同长度单模光纤传输后单光子偏振漂移的差异,以及使用法拉第旋转镜的偏振漂移抑制比.实验结果表明,在50 km光纤50 kcps光子计数（光强）下偏振漂移改善最优,偏振漂移抑制比达25.3.     

激光诱导击穿光谱脉冲激光功率锁定的研究

激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)在煤质在线监测方面展现了突出的应用前景和研究价值。针对该技术在实际应用中会由于脉冲激光功率起伏导致的长期测量稳定性差的问题,建立了闭环负反馈式脉冲激光功率锁定装置,采用激光功率负反馈信号控制和锁定Nd∶YAG激光器输出功率。实验研究了不同分光比例脉冲激光器锁定在设定输出功率,同一分光比例激光器锁定在不同输出功率以及长时间运行时的功率锁定。结果表明,不同的分光比例对激光输出功率的锁定效果影响不大,分光比例越小,稳定速度越快;同一分光比例实现激光脉冲功率不同预设值的锁定以及在长时间运行时,采用此装置进行功率锁定后,激光输出功率处于预设区间内,RSD值由自由运行时的2.4%降低至1.1%。     

阈值电路特性对腔衰荡光谱测量影响的实验研究

腔衰荡光谱技术(cavity ring-down spectroscopy, CRDS)是一种高灵敏的激光吸收光谱技术,被广泛应用于镜片反射率测量、光谱分析以及痕量气体检测等研究领域。首先从理论上描述了CRDS技术的实验原理,然后基于555定时器自行设计了一种可应用于CRDS技术的阈值电路,并通过实验进行了验证。为了优化阈值电路的性能,研究了不同输入阻抗及容抗下阈值电路对衰荡事件测量的影响。通过直接接入不同值的电容与电阻,发现输入电容越大,输入阻抗越小,对衰荡事件的测量影响越大,尤其当阈值电路输入电阻小于50 Ω时,衰荡事件的线型严重扭曲。对不同输入电阻与输入电容时C₂H₂气体在6 531.780 5 cm-1处的吸收信号进行了采集与分析,发现输入电容与输入电阻的改变对测量结果有很大的影响,得到的吸收信号会失真,甚至无法进行拟合。最终给出了阈值电路的最佳设计方案,在阈值电路的设计中选取的输入阻抗越大越好,最小要在100 Ω以上,选取的容抗越小越好,最好低于1 nF,同时要保证阈值电路的时间常数远小于衰荡时间。该研究对于CRDS技术应用过程中阈值电路的设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Measurement of Zeeman Shift of Cesium Atoms Using an Optical Nanofiber

Nanofibers have many promising applications because of their advantages of high power density and ultralow saturated light intensity. We present here a Zeeman shift of the Doppler-broadened cesium D2 transition using a tapered optical nanofiber in the presence of a magnetic field. When a weak magnetic field is parallel to the propagating light in the nanofiber, the Zeeman shift rates for different circularly polarized spectra are observed.For the +component, the typical linear Zeeman shift rates of = 3 and = 4 ground-state cesium atoms are measured to be 3.10(±0.19) MHz/G and 3.91(±0.16) MHz/G. For the -component, the values are measured to be-2.81(±0.25) MHz/G, and-0.78(±0.28) MHz/G. The Zeeman shift using the tapered nanofiber can help to develop magnetometers to measure the magnetic field at the narrow local region and the dispersive signal to lock laser frequency.     

Experimental Study on Double Resonance Optical Pumping Spectroscopy in a Ladder-Type System of ~(87)Rb Atoms

Double resonance optical pumping spectroscopy has an outstanding advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio, thus having potential applications in precision measurement. With the counter propagated 780 nm and 776 nm laser beams acting on a rubidium vapor cell, the high resolution spectrum of 5S_(1/2)-5P_(3/2)-5D_(5/2) ladder-type transition of ~(87)Rb atoms is obtained by monitoring the population of the 5S_(1/2) ground state. The dependence of the spectroscopy lineshape on the probe and coupling fields are comprehensively studied in theory and experiment.This research is helpful for measurement of fundamental physical constants by high resolution spectroscopy.     

第五讲 基于激光冷却原子的超冷分子制备与外场操控

超冷分子的理论和实验研究近年来取得了令人瞩目的巨大成就,极大地拓展了原子分子光物理的研究范畴。围绕超冷分子的制备与应用开创了很多全新的研究领域,如超高分辨分子光谱、分子量子态操控、精密测量以及量子模拟等。当前超冷分子的高效密集制备主要采用基于激光冷却的超冷原子缔合技术来实现。文章综述了超冷分子缔合制备的研究现状,阐述了光缔合、Feshbach共振缔合、受激拉曼绝热跃迁以及超短脉冲光缔合产生超冷分子的物理机制与实验进展,对外场操控超冷分子的实验结果及其潜在应用做了概要展示。     

双光程光声光谱甲烷传感器

利用甲烷(CH₄)气体分子在1.6 μm的吸收特性,使用中心波数为6 046.96 cm-1的蝶形分布反馈式(DFB)激光器和自制的大内径光声池,设计了一款紧凑高灵敏的CH₄气体传感器。为了进一步增强输出光声信号强度,一个具有高反射率的平面镜放置在光声池后,使透射光束被反射后,二次通过光声池,增强了光与被测气体的作用距离,使光声信号提高了1.9倍。传感器各项参数,包括调制频率、调制深度及气体流速被优化。在标准大气压和1 s的积分时间下,该传感器最终获得的探测灵敏度为0.21 ppm,1σ归一化等效噪声系数(NNEA)为2.1×10-8 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2。该甲烷传感器使用性价比高的DFB近红外激光二极管作为激发光源,装置简单,成本低廉可以满足大气环境检测、矿井瓦斯监测、工业过程控制及无创伤医疗诊断等领域的需求。     

基于噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱技术实现光纤激光器到1530.58 nmNH_3亚多普勒饱和光谱的频率锁定

噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱技术(NICE-OHMS)由于结合了频率调制光谱与腔增强光谱两种技术,不仅可以将激光耦合到高精细度谐振腔大幅提高腔内功率,还可以实现低气压样品气体的高灵敏测量,因此基于该技术可以实现分子吸收线的饱和,获得亚多普勒光谱,从而能作为激光频率锁定的参考.本文基于光纤激光器的NICE-OHMS技术,将光纤激光器频率锁定到NH3的亚多普勒吸收线上.首先分析了基于Pound-Drever-Hall和DeVoe-Brewer技术实现激光到腔模和调制频率到腔自由光谱区频率锁定的性能,之后在腔内气压为70 mTorr条件下,测量了半高全宽为2.05 MHz的NH3亚多普勒信号,最后将1.53μm的光纤激光器频率锁定到该亚多普勒吸收线上,相对频率偏差为16.3 kHz,阿伦方差结果显示,136 s积分时间下频率稳定度达到1.6×10~(-12).     

Photoassociation spectra of ultracold ~(85)Rb_2 molecule in 0_u~+ long range state near the 5S_(1/2)+ 5P_(1/2) asymptote

We investigate the high resolution photoassociation spectra of ~(85)Rb_2 molecules in 0~+_u long range state below the(5S_(1/2)+ 5P_(1/2)) asymptote. The ~(85)Rb atomic samples are trapped in a dark magneto–optical trap(MOT) and prepared in the dark state. With the help of trap loss technique, we obtain considerable photoassociation spectroscopy with rovibrational resolution, some of which have never been observed before. The observed spectrum is fitted by a rigid rotation model, and the rotational constants of ultracold ~(85)Rb_2 molecule in long range 0~+_u are obtained for different vibrational states. By applying the Le Roy–Bernstein method, we assign the vibrational quantum numbers and derive C_3 coefficient, which is used to obtain the potential energy curve.