浅谈物理实验教学与综合能力培养

物理是一门以观察和实验为基础的学科,在物理教学中每一个概念的建立和规律的发现都是建立在实验的基础上,搞好实验教学是提高物理教学质量的重要环节,是培养学生的综合能力的有效途径,在以往的教学中,往往是以学生的考试成绩来评价学生,而现在提倡的是素质教育,更注重学生的综合能力和创新意识,实验教学也就成了教学中最重要的环节,下面就物理实验教学与学生的综合能力培养谈谈自己的看法。     

Effect of the nonlinearity of the CCD in Fourier transform profilometry on spectrum overlapping and measurement accuracy

In Fourier transform profilometry (FTP), we must restrain spectrum overlapping caused by the nonlinearity of the charge coupled device (CCD) and increase the measurement accuracy of the object shape. Firstly, the causes of producing higher-order spectrum components and inducing spectrum overlapping are analysed theoretically, and a simple physical explanation and analytical deduction are given. Secondly, aiming to suppress spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy, the influence of spatial carrier frequency of projection grating on them is analysed. A method of increasing the spatial carrier frequency of projection grating to restrain or reduce the spectrum overlapping significantly is proposed. We then analyze the mechanism of how the spectrum overlapping is reduced. Finally, the simulation results and experimental measurements verify the correction of the proposed theory and method.     

气垫导轨的计算机辅助数据采集系统的设计

研制了基于USB接口的新型光电门,结合虚拟软件Audition 1.5与计算机声卡设计了一套计算机辅助数据采集系统,用于研究气垫导轨上滑块的运动规律.     

远距离多源图像融合系统实时配准设计

为了实现全天候多波段远距离实时图像监控,设计了具有微光、红外和可见光融合的光学前端,对多源图像进行实时配准研究。在平行光轴的基础上,通过计算不同视场图像的成像视差,计算仿射变换需要的参数,采用双线性内插算法弥补红外在成像方面与可见光图像的差别,将红外图像的变换制作成查找表存储在图像处理器DM642中,系统通过硬件查找表可以快速实现不同图像的配准变换,实现同步视频的实时配准与融合。实验表明:该设计能够准确地实现多源图像的实时配准,系统经过图像配准、图像融合和伪彩变换处理后的时间约为24.3 ms,系统探测距离大于3 km。     

运算—程序性知识的复习策略——以线性规划问题为例

现代认知心理学家将学生学习的书本知识分为陈述性知识与程序性知识.陈述性知识是关于事物及其关系的知识;程序性知识是指完成某项任务的一系列操作方式.我国学者莫雷认为人有两类学习机制:一类是联结性学习机制,另一类是运算性学习     

Connes distance of 2D harmonic oscillators in quantum phase space

We study the Connes distance of quantum states of two-dimensional (2D) harmonic oscillators in phase space. Using the Hilbert-Schmidt operatorial formulation, we construct a boson Fock space and a quantum Hilbert space, and obtain the Dirac operator and a spectral triple corresponding to a four-dimensional (4D) quantum phase space. Based on the ball condition, we obtain some constraint relations about the optimal elements. We construct the corresponding optimal elements and then derive the Connes distance between two arbitrary Fock states of 2D quantum harmonic oscillators. We prove that these two-dimensional distances satisfy the Pythagoras theorem. These results are significant for the study of geometric structures of noncommutative spaces, and it can also help us to study the physical properties of quantum systems in some kinds of noncommutative spaces.     

里德堡原子多体相互作用的研究进展

多体量子系统的相互作用是研究量子信息科学必须要解决的瓶颈性问题之一.里德堡(Rydberg)原子具有很大的电偶极矩,使得它可以实现长程的相互作用,为研究多体量子物理提供了有力的技术手段.因而Rydberg原子多体系统是多体相互作用探究的理想平台, Rydberg原子多体相互作用的研究对多体量子系统的相互作用的性质研究和应用探究有着重要意义.本文综述了关于Rydberg原子多体相互作用方面的研究,介绍了由Rydberg原子的多体相互作用引起的Rydberg阻塞效应、Rydberg原子多体系统拉比频率的变化以及Rydberg原子多体系统呈现的特别的空间构型;同时介绍了利用Rydberg原子多体相互作用实现一些应用的工作,如实现单光子源、量子存储、实时单原子成像以及量子模拟等,并讨论了Rydberg原子多体系统的研究方向和应用前景.     

Mixed noise removal algorithm of EBAPS image under low illumination condition based on FPGA北大核心CSCD

In order to solve the problem that single median filtering and gaussian filtering algorithm is not effective in suppressing impulse noise and poisson noise simultaneously in low illumination image, and the edge detail protection is insufficient, an open and close mix-median-gaussian (OCMMG) filtering algorithm based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) was proposed. Firstly, the minimum four-direction difference was used to detect the anomaly degree of each pixel point, the weight was allocated according to the threshold of pulse noise discrimination, and the first step was filtering. Then, the four-direction edge detection algorithm was used to extract image edges, and the second step was filtered according to the set edge confidence characterization value. Finally, the images collected by electron bombarded active pixel sensor (EBAPS) under the condition of 1×10−3 lx illumination were processed by FPGA in real time. The experimental results show that the FPGA processing results are consistent with the software simulation processing results. Compared with the median filtering and gaussian filtering algorithm, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the algorithm is improved by 3.23% and 16.34%, the structural similarity is improved by 14.66% and 33.86%, and the edge retention index is improved by 0.49% and 4.21%, respectively, which can effectively remove the mixed noise of EBAPS image and meet the real-time requirements. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

国内首次研制成功的高温超导移动通讯基站子系统原理性样机

高温超导移动电话基站子系统可以明显提高基站的性能，因此受到广泛的重视。我们利用一个高性能超导滤波器，低噪声放大器，脉冲管制冷机和有关的微波线路集成了一台完整的高温超导移动通讯基站子系统原理性样机。该子系统是针对DCS1800基站系统，频段为1710-1785MHz，系统增益为18dB，该子系统是国内研制成功的首台原理性样机。这表明对高温超导微波器件的应用研究已取得了阶段性的重要成果。性能更好的实用子系统样机正在研制中。     

He原子价壳层跃迁的电子碰撞研究

在入射电子能量 2 5 0 0eV下测量了He的 11S→ 2 1S ,2 1P ,31S和 31P的微分散射截面和广义振子强度 ,并与前人的实验和理论结果进行了比较 ,认为在此入射电子能量下一阶Born近似对此 4个跃迁成立. With electron impact energy of 2 500 eV and energy resolution of 85 meV, the differential cross sections and the generalized oscillator strengths of the excitations of 1 1S→2 1S, 2 1P, 3 1S and 3 1P of helium has been measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy . Comparing with previous experimental and theoretical results, it seems that the first Born approximation is valid for these excitations under such an electron impact energy.