纳米碳管及其电子显微结构研究（Ⅱ）

纳米碳管由于其纳米尺度（直径）及在碳黑中的完全无规分布，使得在其结构研究过程中，Ｘ射线衍射和中子衍射等常用的晶体学研究手段作用十分有限．而利用现代电子显微镜，则可以方便地选取单一碳管（多重套构管）进行结构研究，因而电子显微术也就成为研究纳米碳管结构的必要手段．本篇（Ⅱ）将结合我们在这方面的研究成果对当前国际上相关的研究动态作一介绍．着重介绍上一篇中所述的直形和线圈形纳米碳管的结构特征．４直形碳管结构的几何特征根据形成碳管的石墨面卷法，碳管在结构上可以分为两大类：非螺旋型和螺旋型（ｂｅｌｉｅａｌ）…     

磁滞回线和交流电路实验

改进磁滞回线实验,使之能观察包括工频交流电路中的一些基本现象。通过介绍微分回线的概念,使学生了解更我铁实验数据处理方法及其意义。     

C20富勒烯的Ar+离子辐照合成

Ar+离子辐照聚乙烯靶表面在室温情况下合成的C20,已采用高分辨率透射电子显微镜/电子衍射装置、飞行时间质谱、红外和拉曼谱仪进行了研究.结果认为,辐照诱发的微晶体由笼式C20组成.     

基于局部线性关系的扇束X射线荧光CT几何校正研究

基于X射线管的X射线荧光计算机断层扫描术(CT)受多种因素影响,成像质量不佳,几何参数误差是制约其高质量图像重建的重要因素之一.本文分析成像二维平面模体与探测器相对位置偏移对投影数据的影响,并基于原始投影数据和原始重建图像再投影数据的局部线性关系实现几何偏移参数校正;利用Geant4模拟存在偏移参数的扇束X射线荧光CT...     

二阶椭圆型方程的广义差分方法

近十余年来,有限元方法得到了广泛的应用,它的理论也日趋完善,尤其是线性问题(见[1]).然而由于在有限元方法中试探函数空间和检验函数空间取成同一空间,这样在实际计算中当取高次元作为形状函数时,计算量就大为增加,为此人们设法寻找一种计算量小,但仍能保持有限元精度的方法.文[3]引进的广义差分法或Galerkin-Petrov方法就属于这一关方法.     

Effects of initial states on the quantum correlations in the generalized Grover search algorithm

We investigate the correlations between two qubits in the Grover search algorithm with arbitrary initial states by numerical simulation. Using a set of suitable bases, we construct the reduced density matrix and give the numerical expression of correlations relating to the iterations. For different initial states, we obtain the concurrence and quantum discord compared with the success probability in the algorithm. The results show that the initial states affect the correlations and the limit point of the correlations in the searching process. However, the initial states do not influence the whole cyclical trend.     

JS—Ⅱ型单色仪用于激光拉曼散射实验

一、单色仪杂散光的讨论众所周知,拉曼效应是一个很弱的效应。其微分散射截面:(dσ)/(dΩ)=10~(-30)cm~2cr~(-1)。典型地,散射光强约为入射光强的10~(-6)～10~(-8)倍。如果所采用的单色仪的杂散光较大,待测的拉曼光谱线就有被连续的杂散光背景“淹没”的危险。因此用于散射光谱实验的单色仪最重要的一个指标是对杂散光的鉴别(或抑制)能力(discrimination)。但是如何量度它却没有统一的标准。一般我     

Non-Rayleigh photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light

Superbunching pseudothermal light has important applications in studying the second-and higher-order interference of light in quantum optics.Unlike the photon statistics of thermal or pseudothermal light is well understood,the photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light has not been studied yet.In this paper,we will employ single-photon detectors to measure the photon statistics of superbunching pseudothermal light and calculate the degree of second-order coherence.It is found that the larger the value of the degree of second-order coherence of superbunching pseudothermal light is,the more the measured photon distribution deviates from the one of thermal or pseudothermal light in the tail part.The results are helpful to understand the physics of two-photon superbunching with classical light.It is suggested that superbunching pseudothermal light can be employed to generate non-Rayleigh temporal speckles.     

船用武器捷联姿态基准系统快速传递对准方法研究

研究了一种改进的快速传递对准算法在船用姿态基准系统中的应用。这种改进利用了舰船主惯导系统角速率和速度信息，与子系统的捷联姿态基准系统的相应信息相匹配，通过卡尔曼滤波器提取从系统的误差估计量。针对船用的三种武器做了各种仿真，结果表明在40秒时间内对三个失准角的估计都能达到较高的精度。研究还表明，在传递对准滤波器中引入固定区域平滑算法对姿态误差估计的精度将有明显的提高。     

载气气氛对Co/MgMoO4催化剂CVD法高效合成碳纳米材料的影响

High yield and quality mutli-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) bundles and carbon nanofibers were synthesized by catalytic decomposition of methane over Co/MgMoO₄ catalyst at 1 000 ℃. TEM studies showed that the products were mainly carbon nanofibers without carrier gas and were all MWNT bundles with hydrogen or nitrogen as carrier gas. Thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) on the raw product indicated that the purity of MWNT was higher than 95wt%. The growth mechanism of carbon nanofibers and MWNTs was also discussed.