过热液氦均匀核化速率的确定

预测不同压力下过热液氦的均匀核化速率是十分重要的,它与液氦的极限过热度密切相关。文中通过回顾动力学理论、分子聚集理论、涨落理论等研究液体均匀核化的方法,对过热液氦的均匀核化速率进行了计算,并且对各种方法进行了比较与分析。结果表明,用能量涨落理论来计算过热液氦的均匀核化速率是一种比较合理的方法。     

基于共振与非共振双线的自吸收免疫LIBS技术研究

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)定量分析中的自吸收效应不仅会降低谱线强度和增加线宽,而且使定标结果饱和,从而影响最终的分析精度。为了消除该效应的影响,提出了一种基于共振双线与非共振双线选择的自吸收免疫激光诱导击穿光谱(SAF-LIBS)技术,通过比较所测谱线强度比值和理论强度比值来确定等离子体的光学薄时刻,并使用共振线与非共振线来拓展元素含量的可测量范围。该技术可以分为定标和定量两个分析过程,其定标过程为:计算待测元素的共振双线及非共振双线的理论强度比,通过对比不同待测元素含量样品的共振双线及非共振双线在不同延时下的强度比和理论比,确定等离子体的光学薄时刻;使用一系列标准样品建立LIBS非共振线的单变量定标曲线;利用准光学薄谱线建立共振线和非共振线的SAF-LIBS单变量分段定标曲线。其定量分析过程为:先用非共振线和LIBS定标曲线确定未知样品所属的含量分段,再用准光学薄谱线以及与所属分段的共振或非共振SAF-LIBS定标曲线完成定量分析。对Cu元素的单变量定标结果表明,对于共振线,最佳延时随着样品含Cu量的增加而增加,且只有当含Cu量低于0.05%时,才可能获得准光学薄的共振线,而随着Cu含量的增加,自吸收变得非常严重,以至于无法获得光学薄的共振线;对于非共振线,当含Cu量在0.01%~30%范围内,均可获得准光学薄的非共振谱线,而当Cu含量大于50.7%时,将无法在等离子体寿命期内捕获到光学薄谱线。对Cu元素的定量分析结果表明,基于共振双线与非共振双线的自吸收免疫LIBS技术可以有效地避免自吸收效应的影响,各分段定标曲线的线性度均大于0.99,对两个未知样品中Cu元素含量的绝对测量误差分别为0.01%和0.1%,探测限达到了1.35×10-4%,最大可测量范围拓展至50.7%。     

基于微型非共振腔的石英增强光声光谱用于氦气纯度分析的实验研究

实验中设计了一种基于微型非共振腔的石英增强光声光谱痕量气体传感器, 用来检测非纯氦气中的痕量氨气浓度. 该传感器采用的微型非共振腔只在空间上限制声波扩散以达到增强信号目的, 而不是像传统微型共振腔一样依靠共振效应. 如此的设计使探测小分子无机气体的光谱测声器尺寸远远小于共振腔的配置而有利于准直. 不同气压下的信号和噪声也被研究, 用来优化传感器性能. 在这种配置下和27.7 kPa的最优气压下, 获得的最佳氨气探测灵敏度为463 ppb (1σ , 1 s积分时间), 相应的归一化噪声等效吸收系数为4.3×10^-9cm^-1W/√Hz. 关键词： 气体传感器 石英增强光声光谱 音叉式石英晶振 类氢气体纯度分析     

Recent progress on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the monitoring of coal quality and unburned carbon in fly ash

Our recent progress on developments of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) based equipments for on-line monitoring of pulverized coal and unburned carbon (UC) level of fly ash are reviewed. A fully software-controlled LIBS equipment comprising a self-cleaning device for on-line coal quality monitoring in power plants is developed. The system features an automated sampling device, which is capable of elemental (C, Ca, Mg, Ti, Si, H, Al, Fe, S, and organic oxygen) and proximate analysis (Q _ad and A _ad) through optimal data processing methods. An automated prototype LIBS apparatus has been developed for possible application to power plants for on-line analysis of UC level in fly ash. New data processing methods are proposed to correct spectral interference and matrix effects, with the accuracy for UC level analysis estimated to be 0.26%.     

Mg2+掺杂Li4Ti5O12陶瓷靶材的制备及其性能研究

本实验以Mg(OH)2作为镁源,将1wt;、2wt;、3wt;、4wt;、5wt;的Mg(OH)2粉末与纯Li4Ti5O12粉末球磨混合,使用粉末冶金的方法烧结制备出了Mg2+掺杂的Li4Ti5O12陶瓷靶材,分别研究了烧结温度为880 ℃、900 ℃、930 ℃、950 ℃、980 ℃时Mg2+掺杂Li4Ti5O12陶瓷靶材的收缩率、致密度和力学性能的变化情况;通过对Mg2+掺杂Li4Ti5O12陶瓷靶材进行XRD衍射分析和断面的SEM分析可以得出,Mg(OH)2的最佳掺杂量为4wt;,陶瓷靶材的最佳烧结温度为950 ℃.可以得到抗弯强度为83.189 MPa、相对密度为96.041;、维氏硬度为的364.26HV500、物相单一的Mg2+掺杂的Li4Ti5O12陶瓷靶材.     

高效频率转换下双波长外腔共振和频技术研究

基于外腔的高效频率转换, 尤其是当系统运行在抽运不消耗近似机理下, 信号光可实现大于90%的转换, 因此无法通过信号光直接获得其到腔模频率锁定的误差信号. 本文通过对信号光调制、和频光解调的方法获得了该误差信号, 实现了双波长激光到外腔腔模的级联锁定. 实验中外部环形腔将1.3 W的1064 nm抽运光放大到约14.3 W. 当1583 nm信号光从10 μW变化到50 mW, 其到636 nm和频光的转化效率约为73%; 当从50 mW变化到295 mW时, 转换效率呈线性降低到60%, 最终获得了440 mW的636 nm激光.     

傅里叶望远镜外场实验与结果分析

为了分析外场环境因素对傅里叶望远镜成像质量的影响和验证成像过程不受下行链路大气扰动影响的特点,开展了傅里叶望远镜外场实验研究.外场实验在室内实验的发射光学系统的基础上增加了主镜、次镜和会聚透镜组对目标散射光进行3次会聚仿真实际系统的成像过程,同时将目标与主镜、主镜与次镜分别拉开100 m距离验证成像系统不受下行链路大气扰动影响的特点.实验利用胶片打印的2种不同的卫星图片作为目标,获得了Strehl值分别为0.44、0.39的无大气扰动的外场重构图像和Strehl值分别为0.43、0.38的含大气扰动的外场重构图像.通过比较外场重构图像与室内重构图像的Strehl值,得出发射光学系统中光束的振动对成像有较大影响.分析发现无大气扰动外场重构图像与含大气扰动外场重构图像的Strehl值相近,从而验证傅里叶望远镜成像过程不受下行链路大气扰动的影响.     

Frequency stabilization of diode laser to 1.637 μm based on the methane absorption line

The frequency of an external-cavity diode laser has been stabilized to 1.637 μm by using the reference of absorption lines of methane. The method can be applied to wavelength division multiplexed optical communication, fiber-optic sensing systems, as well as the high-sensitivity detection of methane. The derivative-like error signal yielded by frequency modulation and phase sensitivity detection technology is inputted into the PI feedback loop circuit in order to stabilize the frequency to the line center. After stabilization, the frequency fluctuation of diode laser is held within 5.6 MHz, and the root of Allan variance of error signal reaches a minimum of 1.66×10-10 for an average time of 10 s.     

傅里叶望远镜部分周期信号解调及对成像的影响

为了解决傅里叶望远镜高功率短脉宽激光只能包含部分周期信号的难题,本文提出多脉冲拼接技术并对其基本原理和应用范围进行深入研究.首先介绍高功率短脉宽激光与声光移频器移频带宽之间的矛盾,进而引出利用傅里叶望远镜传统时间解调公式进行部分周期信号解调存在的困难.然后给出多脉冲拼接技术的基本理论,推导出理想情况下移频频率、脉冲重复率和脉宽满足的拼接条件.进而详细分析移频频率稳定性和脉冲重复率稳定性对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响,并通过计算机仿真研究一般情况下脉宽变化对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响.最后得出移频频率和脉冲重复率对成像无影响,激光脉宽变化小于25％仍可识别目标轮廓的结论.     

Single 3D laser projector with speckle suppression

In this letter, a new single three-dimensional （3D） laser projector is proposed. As liquid crystal （LC） can produce two image patterns with orthogonal polarization states at 120 Hz, only one projector is required in this approach for reconstruction of a 3D object. The light source is made up of RGB （red, green, and blue） lasers because laser has lots of advantages such as longer life, higher brightness, and larger color gamut. A novel diffusive media with good polarization-maintaining quality is used as rear projection screen for its high transmission efficiency （-90%） and low reflection efficiency. When laser incidents into the diffusive media, which contains lots of spherical particles with sizes between 2 and 15 μm, laser is scattered randomly and the laser speckle is reduced. A spatial phase mask is also inserted into the optical path to reduce speckle. With these techniques, the speckle contrast is reduced to 0.1 and the quality of image oatterns has been greatlv imoroved.