不同硅铝比两亲性HZSM-5沸石的制备和表征

 采用三甲基氯硅烷并通过控制水的添加量对硅铝比分别为25, 42和101的HZSM-5沸石进行外表面修饰,制得三种两亲性沸石样品. 水的添加量对沸石催化剂的两亲性有显著影响. 红外光谱和低温氮吸附等测试结果表明,两亲性沸石样品具有与各自母体沸石相似的酸性及略小的比表面积. 在环己烯水合及乙酸异戊酯水解的相界面反应中,两亲性沸石分布于水-油两相界面,并表现出明显高于各自母体沸石的催化活性. 硅铝比为42的两亲性HZSM-5样品表现出最佳的相界面催化性能. 相对于环己烯水合反应,两亲性HZSM-5沸石更适用于乙酸异戊酯水解的相界面催化反应.     

Numerical analysis of the optimized performance of the electron cyclotron wave system in a HL-2M tokamak

The capabilities of current drive, neoclassical tearing mode(NTM) stabilization, and sawtooth control are analyzed for the electron–cyclotron wave(ECW) system in a HL-2M tokamak. Better performance of the upper launcher is demonstrated in comparison with that of a dropped upper launcher, in terms of J_(EC)/J_(bs) for NTM stabilization and I_(ECCD)/(?ρtor)~2 for sawtooth control. 1-MW ECW power is enough for the 3/2 NTM stabilization, and 1.8-MW ECW power is required to suppress 2/1 NTM in a single null divertor equilibrium with 1.2-MA toroidal current with the upper launcher. Optimization simulation of electron–cyclotron current drive(ECCD) is carried out for three mirrors in an equatorial port, indicating that the middle mirror has a good performance compared with the top and bottom mirrors. The results for balanced co- and counter-ECCD in an equatorial port are also presented.     

基于谱估计方法的等离子体湍流三波耦合数据处理算法

基于数字谱分析技术求解波耦合方程,进而计算与三波相互作用相关联的线性耦合系数和能量转移,以此开发了数据处理程序用于研究HL-2A 装置等离子体边缘湍流中的非线性能量传递过程。介绍了算法设计和开发的主要思想。应用该程序对与带状流相关的一次放电的实验数据进行了数据处理研究。结果表明,带状流是由等离子体湍流的能量逆级联所驱动的。     

四流体模型与m=1内扭曲模稳定性分析

利用描述俘获粒子运动的四流体模型推导出包含俘获粒子效应,离子反磁漂移,有限电阻及反常电子粘滞效应的ｍ＝１的内扭曲模本征方程和色散关系,并在等离子体芯部存在与不存在的高能粒子的两种情况下,讨论了俘获粒子效应和各种耗散效应对内扭曲模的影响。     

平行速度剪切驱动湍流引起的粒子输运

通过离子温度梯度及平行速度剪切的准线性湍流理论，得到了由杂质离子及抵频E×B湍流所驱动的径向离子流及相应的输运系数．理论分析表明，主要离子和杂质离子的径向离子流具有相反的方向，并随着平衡流速剪切以及杂质离子的密度梯度的变化而改变．增强平行速度剪切对主要离子的约束可产生有利影响 关键词：     

Hybrid Method for Tokamak MHD Equilibrium Configuration Reconstruction

A hybrid method for tokamak MHD equilibrium configuration reconstruction is proposed and employed in the modified EFIT code. This method uses the free boundary tokamak equilibrium configuration reconstruction algorithm with one boundary point fixed. The results show that the position of the fixed point has explicit effects on the reconstructed divertor configurations. In particular, the separatrix of the reconstructed divertor configuration precisely passes the required position when the hybrid method is used in the reconstruction. The profiles of plasma parameters such as pressure and safety factor for reconstructed HL-2A tokamak configurations with the hybrid and the free boundary methods are compared. The possibility for applications of the method to swing the separatrix strike point on the divertor target plate is discussed.     

A nonlinear wave coupling algorithm and its programing and application in plasma turbulences

The fully developed turbulence can be regarded as a nonlinear system, with wave coupling inside, which causes the nonlinear energy to transfer, and drives the turbulence to develop further or be suppressed. Spectral analysis is one of the most effective methods to study turbulence system. In order to apply it to the study of the nonlinear wave coupling process of edge plasma turbulence, an efficient algorithm based on spectral analysis technology is proposed to solve the nonlinear wave coupling equation. The algorithm is based on a mandatory temporal static condition with the nonideal spectra separated from the ideal spectra. The realization idea and programing flow are given. According to the characteristics of plasma turbulence, the simulation data are constructed and used to verify the algorithm and its implementation program. The simulation results and experimental results show the accuracy of the algorithm and the corresponding program, which can play a great role in the studying the energy transfer in edge plasma turbulences. As an application, the energy cascade analysis of typical edge plasma turbulence is carried out by using the results of a case calculation. Consequently, a physical picture of the energy transfer in a kind of fully developed turbulence is constructed, which confirms that the energy transfer in this turbulent system develops from lower-frequency region to higher-frequency region and from linear growing wave to damping wave.     

托卡马克离子温度梯度湍流输运同位素定标修正中杂质的影响

托卡马克实验发现,在不同参数条件下,等离子体能量约束经验定标律会有或大或小的修正.为解释这种修正现象发生的原因,应用回旋动理学方法,对含重(钨)杂质等离子体离子温度梯度(ITG)(包括杂质模)湍流输运的同位素效应进行了数值研究.结果表明钨杂质效应极大地修改了同位素定标律和有效电荷效应.随着杂质离子电荷数Z和电荷集中度f_z的变化,同位素定标律在较大范围内变化. ITG模最大增长率定标大约为M_i~(-0.48→-0.12),杂质模的定标为M_i~(-0.46→-0.3),其中, M_i表示主离子质量数.在ITG模湍流中,有效电荷数越大,关于M_i的拟合指数偏离-0.5越远,表现为同位素质量依赖减弱.在两种模中,杂质电荷集中度越大,同位素质量依赖越弱.研究了杂质效应使定标关系发生偏离的原因,证实杂质种类、杂质电荷数和杂质浓度的不同,是引起同位素质量依赖发生改变的重要原因.结果证实并解释了不同参数条件下托卡马克同位素定标的差异性.研究成果可以为ITER实验安排及杂质相关输运实验中选择装置材料、工作气体和设置其他参数提供理论参考.     

水质因子季节变化规律及对池蝶蚌生长的影响

为探究淡水珍珠育珠蚌养殖水域水质因子季节变化规律以及对珍珠蚌生长的影响,以优质淡水珍珠蚌池蝶蚌养殖为对象,2017年6月～2018年5月对两个不同养殖基地进行了为期1年的水质变化监测和池蝶蚌生长观测,分析了部分水质因子与池蝶蚌生长的动态关系.结果表明:夏季是池蝶蚌最佳生长季节,该季节的养殖水体内悬浮颗粒有机物含量越高,...     

化学气相沉积三甲基氯硅烷制备两亲性HZSM-5沸石

以三甲基氯硅烷((CH3)3SiC1)为改性剂,采用化学气相沉积法对HZSM-5沸石外表面进行修饰,再通过控制后处理抽空温度,制得两亲性沸石样品.在沉积过程中,改性剂与沸石外表面末端硅羟基作用形成亲油性基团,使得样品主要呈现出亲油性;经423～523K抽空处理后,沉积的(CH3)3Si基团发生Si-C键断裂而脱附出1～2个甲基,样品表现出两亲性能.该改性过程对HZSM-5沸石的孔道大小和内表面性质影响很小.在乙酸异戊酯相界面催化水解反应中,该两亲性沸石分布于水/油两相界面,表现出明显高于亲水性母体HZSM-5沸石的催化活性.