近红外光谱检测技术在聚合物领域的应用研究进展

近红外光谱(NIR)检测技术能够提供样品丰富的结构和组成信息,且具有分析速度快、样品无需处理等突出特点,在聚合物领域有了越来越广泛的应用。综述了该技术在聚合物合成到成型加工再到回收利用整个生命周期过程中各个环节的应用研究进展。在聚合物的合成和加工过程中,近红外光谱检测技术可用于材料参量的定量测量,且由于光纤良好的化学和热稳定性,使其能够在强腐蚀、高温、高压等危险环境下进行在线实时监测。对于聚合物合成,选择聚合反应转化率、聚合产物粒径和聚合物组成三个关键参量,概述了近红外光谱在线测量上述参量的相关研究进展;对于聚合物加工,主要讨论了反应性挤出加工过程中近红外光谱在线测量聚合物分子量、残余单体含量、接枝率等反映材料加工状态参量的应用研究。在聚合物的回收利用过程中,近红外光谱可用于废旧塑料制品的定性分类识别,围绕该应用分析了其国内外的研究现状。指出了近红外光谱检测技术在应用中存在的问题,并提出几点建议,最后对该技术在聚合物领域的发展方向进行了展望,并认为随着研究工作的深入和在线测量仪器的发展,近红外光谱检测技术将在聚合物领域有着更加广阔的应用前景。     

Demonstration of superadiabatic population transfer in superconducting qubit

We implemented the superadiabatic population transfer within the nonadiabatic regime in a two-level superconducting qubit system. To realize the superadiabatic procedure, we added an additional term in the Hamiltonian, introducing an auxiliary counter-diabatic field to cancel the nonadiabatic contribution in the evolution. Based on the superadiabatic procedure, we further demonstrated quantum Phase and NOT gates. These operations, which possess both of the fast and robust features, are promising for quantum information processing.     

20-kHz watt-level green laser with LGS crystal electro-optic Q-switch

A diode-end-pumped electro-optic （EO） Q-switched green laser operating at the repetition rate of 20 kHz is reported. A block of La3Ga5SiO14 （LGS） single crystal is used as a Q-switch and the type I phase- matching LiB305 （LBO） is used as the nonlinear crystal in the second harmonic generation. The 2.3-W average power of 532-nm green laser is obtained at the repetition rate of 20 kHz with the pulse width as short as 10 us. When the output power is about 1.5 W, the measured power fluctuation is less than 1.4% （root-mean-square. RMS） with the beam quality factor of M^2 〈 2 in both orthogonal directions.     

投影式幻影成像中局域几何畸变的校正方法研究

在幻影成像系统中,投影式成像装置具有制造成本低、成像系统操作便捷的优点,但由于投影光线发散和光源处光束偏轴角的存在,投影图像照射到四棱锥斜面时会发生几何畸变,导致三维模型失真.针对该问题,提出一种投影图像局域几何畸变的校正方法.通过提取投影图片,分析并建立投影图像形状和三维模型失真程度的映射关系,利用透视变换,构建投影...     

磁悬浮转动演示仪的设计与测试

磁悬浮转动演示仪运用了数字电子技术、电磁学等的理论知识和线性霍尔传感器的基本原理,通过主、副控制电路,能够使不同质量磁性物体及同质量磁性物体在不同位置稳定悬浮;同时利用电磁驱动原理,设计驱动和制动电路,能够使磁性悬浮体以不同角速度旋转和制动.测试了悬浮体转动的角速度与滑轨上电磁铁的起始作用位置、滑轨两端电压以及电磁铁的磁场间的关系,实验结果与理论分析一致.     

Bridge-free fabrication process for Al/AlO_x/Al Josephson junctions

We fabricate different-sized Al/AlO_x/Al Josephson junctions by using a simple bridge-free technique, in which only single-layer E-beam resist polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) is exposed at low accelerate voltage(below 30 kV) and the size of junction can be varied in a large range. Compared with the bridge technique, this fabrication process is very robust because it can avoid collapsing the bridge during fabrication. This makes the bridge-free technique more popular to meet different requirements for Josephson junction devices especially for superconducting quantum bits.     

偏光全息研究历程与展望

全息是目前一项极具前景的科学技术,即通过信号光和参考光的干涉,在小小的全息图上记录丰富的信息。相比于传统全息仅记录光波的相位、振幅信息,偏光全息可以将额外的偏振信息记录于偏振态敏感材料中。本文从偏光全息材料入手,详细介绍了偏光全息生产过程;同时介绍基于琼斯理论和张量理论的偏光全息原理和研究进展;最后描述了偏光全息在全息存储和纳米光学领域的发展前景。     

An Implantation and Detection System for Spectroscopy of 22,24Si

A new decay detection system with high detection efficiency and low detection threshold has been developed for charged-particle decay studies, including -delayed proton, decay or direct proton emission from proton-rich nuclei. The detection system was tested by using the -delayed proton emitter 24Si and was commissioned in the decay study of 22Si produced by projectile fragmentation at the First Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou. Under a continuous-beam mode, the isotopes of interest were implanted into two double-sided silicon strip detectors, where the subsequent decays were measured and correlated to the preceding implantations by using position and time information. The system allows to measure protons with energies down to about 200 keV without obvious background in the proton spectrum. Further application of the detection system can be extended to the measurements of -delayed proton decay and the direct proton emission of other exotic proton-rich nuclei.     

反射模式与线性模式MALDI-TOF MS联合分析荔枝果核缩合单宁

利用不同模式的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)分析荔枝果核缩合单宁. 在反射模式(Reflectron modes)下, 加速电压20.0 kV, 反射电压23.0 kV, 延时取出电压16.32 kV, 聚焦电压9.45 kV, 获得缩合单宁的准确结构单元组成和连接方式信息, 其为三聚体至十八聚体组成的A型原花青定多聚物. 在线性模式(Linear modes)下, 加速电压20.0 kV, 延时取出电压16.25 kV, 聚焦电压10.0 kV, 检测到十九聚体至二十七聚体的缩合单宁信号, 其更全面获取缩合单宁聚合度的分布信息. 综合两种模式, 荔枝果核缩合单宁是由三聚体至二十七聚体分布的A型原花青定多聚物. 探讨了一种联合反射模式与线性模式对植物单宁结构准确分析的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱方法.     

纺织品摩擦时的听觉风格评价的初步研究

为评价不同组织织物的摩擦听觉风格,建立了以刺耳度(C)、顺滑度(S)、响度(L)、沉闷度(D)、喜好度(B)和拟声词描述(O)的主观评价指标。采用语意评定法(SD法)将听觉风格指标各分为5级,并通过对随机抽取的21名合格纺织专业学生进行问卷调查与测试。研究结果表明：在纱线原料、线密度、经密等相同的情况下,织物摩擦听觉风格指标刺耳度(C)与响度(L)成正相关关系,而刺耳度(C)则分别与顺滑度(S)或者喜好度(B)之间存在着一定的负相关关系。听者对于织物摩擦声音的判别,女性的敏锐度明显高于男性。此外,平纹的刺耳度(C)、响度(L)和沉闷度(D)最高,而缎纹的顺滑度(S)和喜好度(B)最高。