高压熔渗生长法制备金刚石聚晶中碳的转化机制研究

在6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内, 利用高压熔渗生长法制备了纯金刚石聚晶, 深入研究了高温高压下金刚石聚晶生长过程中碳的转化机制. 利用光学显微镜、X-射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜检测, 发现在熔渗过程中金刚石层出现了石墨化现象, 在烧结过程中金刚石颗粒表面形貌发生了变化. 根据实验现象分析, 在制备过程中存在三种碳的转化机制: 1)金属熔渗阶段金刚石颗粒表面石墨化产生石墨; 2)产生的石墨在烧结阶段很快转变为填充空隙的金刚石碳; 3)金刚石直接溶解在金属溶液中, 以金刚石形式在颗粒间析出, 填充空隙. 本文研究碳的转化机制为在高温高压金属溶剂法合成金刚石的条件下(6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内)工业批量化制备无添加剂、无空隙的纯金刚石聚晶提供了重要的理论指导.     

Li3N-hBN体系中引入调节剂对合成cBN的影响

引入调节剂是一种改善立方氮化硼生长环境的重要手段. 本文中,我们研究了在Li3NhBN体系中引入调节剂对合成立方氮化硼的影响. 研究发现,调节剂的引入对立方氮化硼成核有明显的影响,并且通过光学显微镜可以明显发现调节剂曾有溶融的迹象,认为是调节剂在高温高压下发生溶解,改变了立方氮化硼生长溶液的性质,为立方氮化硼的生长提供了良好的生长环境,改变了立方氮化硼的生长速度,使晶体形貌得到了明显的改善. 通过电镜分析,发现调节剂含量的不同给晶体带来了不同的缺陷.     

高氮含量宝石级金刚石单晶的高温高压合成

氮是金刚石（包括天然金刚石和人工合成金刚石）中最普遍的杂质,长期以来广受研究者的关注. 人工合成出类似天然金刚石的具有较高氮含量的金刚石晶体是极富挑战性的研究课题. 本工作通过在合金溶剂和石墨碳源中添加含氮物质,利用温度梯度法在国产六面顶高压设备上合成出了系列大尺寸、高氮含量的宝石级金刚石单晶. 借助显微红外光谱,对合成的金刚石晶体中的氮含量进行了测定. 研究发现随着含氮物质添加量的提高晶体中氮含量基本呈线性增加. 最终合成出了氮含量高达1707 ppm的毫米级高氮含量金刚石单晶,以及最大尺寸达3.5 mm,氮含量达1520 ppm的绿色高氮宝石级金刚石单晶.     

Sm填充型方钴矿化合物的高温高压合成及电输运特性研究

利用高温高压方法在2 ~ 5.0 GPa和900 K的合成条件下成功合成出系列立方相Sm填充型方钴矿化合物SmxCo4Sb12 ( x= 0.2, 0.6, 0.8 ) 体热电材料,并系统地研究了合成压力及不同的Sm填充分数对其室温下的电输运特性（电阻率、Seebeck系数、功率因子）的影响. 研究结果表明, Sm填充型方钴矿化合物SmxCo4Sb12为n型半导体. 在不同压力下,随着Sm填充分数的增加,Seebeck系数的绝对值和电阻率均呈现降低趋势. 在2 GPa,900 K条件下合成的Sm0.8Co4Sb12化合物功率因子达到最大值5.88 μW /( cm·K2).     

Na填充型方钴矿化合物CoSb3的高压合成及电输运特性研究

 利用高压合成方法,在压力为2 GPa、温度为900 K的条件下,以NaN₃作为添加剂,成功地合成出了Na填充型的方钴矿化合物CoSb₃。X射线衍射（XRD）研究结果表明,当Na填充量达80%时,合成的Na填充型方钴矿化合物CoSb₃仍为单相方钴矿结构,没有Na和NaN₃等杂质峰。在室温下对不同Na填充量的样品进行了电阻率（ρ）和Seebeck系数（α）的测试,研究了不同Na填充量对样品电阻率、Seebeck系数和功率因子（α²σ）的影响。研究结果表明：室温下,样品的电导率随Na填充量的增加而增大,Seebeck系数的绝对值随Na填充量的增加而减小。当Na填充量为0.4时,样品获得了最高的功率因子（8.72 μW·cm^-1·K^-2）,此值高于He等报道的利用热压法制备的CoSb₃的值。填充量对样品电输运特性的影响规律与Pei等研究的K填充型CoSb₃的研究结果相一致。上述研究结果表明,高压合成技术有利于提高填充型方钴矿化合物的填充量,并有效地提高样品的电输运特性。     

含氢添加剂对合成cBN的影响及腔体温度分布

 通过对Li基触媒下立方氮化硼的高温高压合成实验结果的分析,研究了在Li基触媒作为主要触媒及氢化物作为添加剂的环境下,立方氮化硼的生长情况。同时由合成后样品中立方氮化硼的生成区域对V型生长区温度梯度分布进行了分析讨论。     

快速合成立方六面体金刚石大单晶晶体的质量研究

利用高温高压温度梯度法,在优质六面体金刚石大单晶稳定生长的基础上,合理调整晶床高度为5 rmm,在1300～1350℃温度区域30h合成优质六面体晶体重量达2.04克拉,生长速度高达13.6 mg/h.三种晶体样品(本实验合成晶体,日本住友公司合成晶体,元素六公司合成晶体)经显微红外吸收(IR)测试,本实验合成晶体{100}晶面的平均氮含量为240 ppm,高于日本住友和元素六晶体样品的氮含量;三种晶体样品经激光拉曼测试,均在1332 cm-1左右出现了较强的金刚石拉曼标准峰,利用高斯模拟计算出本实验合成晶体拉曼峰的半高宽值为5.570cm-1,大于日本住友晶体样品而小于元素六合成的晶体样品;对三种晶体样品的生长速度、氮含量分布和晶格结晶程度分析,由于本实验合成六面体晶体的生长速度远大于二者,使晶体的晶格结晶程度稍差于日本住友样品而优于元素六晶体,结合激光拉曼图谱分析本实验合成的六面体晶体中有少量杂质存在,或许这些杂质的存在正是导致其{100}晶面氮含量高于日本住友样品氮含量的主要原因.     

Synthesis and characterization of p-type boron-doped IIb diamond large single crystals

High-quality p-type boron-doped IIb diamond large single crystals are successfully synthesized by the temperature gradient method in a china-type cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus at about 5.5 GPa and 1600 K.The morphologies and surface textures of the synthetic diamond crystals with different boron additive quantities are characterized by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope respectively.The impurities of nitrogen and boron in diamonds are detected by micro Fourier transform infrared technique.The electrical properties including resistivities,Hall coefficients,Hall mobilities and carrier densities of the synthesized samples are measured by a four-point probe and the Hall effect method.The results show that large p-type boron-doped diamond single crystals with few nitrogen impurities have been synthesized.With the increase of quantity of additive boron,some high-index crystal faces such as {113} gradually disappear,and some stripes and triangle pits occur on the crystal surface.This work is helpful for the further research and application of boron-doped semiconductor diamond.     

Effects of carbon convection field on large diamond growth under high-pressure high-temperature conditions

Large diamond crystals were successfully synthesized by FeNi-C system using temperature gradient method under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The assembly of the growth cell was improved and the growth process of diamond was investigated. Effects of the symmetry of carbon convection field around the growing diamond crystal were investigated systematically by adjusting the position of seed crystal in the melted catalyst/solvent. The results indicate that morphologies and metal inclusion distributions of the synthetic diamond crystals vary obviously in both symmetric and non-symmetric carbon convection fields with temperature. Moreover, finite element method was applied to analyze carbon convection mode of the melted catalyst/solvent around the diamond crystal. This work is helpful for understanding the growth mechanism of diamond.     

Influence of annealing treatment on as-grown Ib-type diamond crystal at a high temperature and high pressure

In this paper,we report on the influence of annealing treatment on as-grown Ib-type diamond crystal under high pressure and high temperature in a china-type cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus.Experiments are carried out at a pressure of 7.0 GPa and temperatures ranging from 1700 C to 1900 C for 1 h.Annealing treatment of the diamond crystal shows that the aggregation rate constant of nitrogen atoms in the as-grown Ib-type diamond crystal strongly depends on diamond morphology and annealing temperature.The aggregation rate constant of nitrogen remarkably increases with the increase of annealing temperature and its value in octahedral diamond is much higher than that in cubic diamond annealed at the same temperature.The colour of octahedral diamond crystal is obviously reduced from yellow to nearly colorless after annealing treatment for 1 h at 1900 C,which is induced by nitrogen aggregation in a diamond lattice.The extent of nitrogen aggregation in an annealed diamond could approach approximately 98% indicated from the infrared absorption spectra.The micro-Raman spectrum reveals that the annealing treatment can improve the crystalline quality of Ib-type diamond characterized by a half width at full maximum at first order Raman peak,and therefore the annealed diamond crystals exhibit nearly the same properties as the natural IaA-type diamond stones of high quality in the Raman measurements.