矢量拖线阵不同形状水听器流噪声响应特性

拖线阵声呐流噪声大小与水听器形状密切相关,为了揭示矢量拖线阵流噪声响应特性,研究了不同形状矢量水听器滤波特性及其噪声抑制特点。基于波数-频率谱分析方法,导出了圆柱形、球形、胶囊形矢量水听器的波数响应函数以及噪声功率谱解析表达式;并根据湍流边界层压力起伏Carpenter模型数值计算了矢量水听器波数响应函数、流噪声响应特性与水听器形状和几何尺寸之间的变化规律,得到了不同形状矢量水听器抑制流噪声特点。研究结果表明,细长胶囊形矢量水听器具有较好的流噪声抑制性能。      

三视场红外搜索光学系统的设计

设计一款实际工程应用的红外三视场光学系统,其中大中视场利用透镜组切换变倍,小视场和大视场利用反射镜切换变倍。设计中采用二次成像的方式,3个视场共用二次成像透镜组,保证100％冷屏效率,减小第1片透镜的过口径。同时,采用非球面技术校正系统的球差和彗差,通过光学设计软件CODE V仿真,得出最大的点列斑为11 m左右,并且MTF接近衍射极限,成像质量完全满足使用要求。最后,该系统利用反射镜折叠光路实现了系统结构紧凑、体积小的特点。     

Bubble acoustical scattering cross section under multi-frequency acoustic excitation

The acoustical scattering cross section is usually employed to evaluate the scattering ability of the bubbles when they are excited by the incident acoustic waves. This parameter is strongly related to many important applications of performance prediction for search sonar or underwater telemetry, acoustical oceanography, acoustic cavitation, volcanology, and medical and industrial ultrasound. In the present paper, both the analytical and numerical analysis results of the acoustical scattering cross section of a single bubble under multi-frequency excitation are obtained. The nonlinear characteristics(e.g.,harmonics, subharmonics, and ultraharmonics) of the scattering cross section curve under multi-frequency excitation are investigated compared with single-frequency excitation. The influence of several paramount parameters(e.g., bubble equilibrium radius, acoustic pressure amplitude, and acoustic frequencies) in the multi-frequency system on the predictions of scattering cross section is discussed. It is shown that the combination resonances become significant in the multi-frequency system when the acoustic power is big enough, and the acoustical scattering cross section is promoted significantly within a much broader range of bubble sizes and acoustic frequencies due to the generation of more resonances.     

多孔SiO_2·xH_2O负载RuB纳米粒子催化喹啉加氢反应

通过水解,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护,NaOH刻蚀等方法制备了多孔及富含表面羟基的SiO2·xH2O负载的RuB催化剂RuB/SiO2·xH2O,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱和BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)等手段对该催化剂进行了表征.结果表明该催化剂具有良好的抗中毒能力,在3.0MPa的H2压力和80℃的温和反应条件下,喹啉的转化率高于95%,生成1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的选择性高于97%.并系统研究了表面羟基和溶剂对催化剂性能的影响,发现以水为溶剂时,RuB/SiO2·xH2O对喹啉加氢反应展示出较高的活性和对1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉较高的选择性,催化剂能够多次循环使用.这一体系的优异催化性能归属于载体表面羟基和水的协同作用.     

2μm波段硫系玻璃微球激光器的制备和表征

工作在2μm波段附近的中红外微球激光器在生物医学传感、激光雷达、窄带光学滤波和空气污染监控等领域具有重要的应用价值.本文以自制的Tm~(3+)-Ho~(3+)共掺的Ge-Ga-Sb-S (2S2G)硫系玻璃为基质材料,采用玻璃粉末高温漂浮熔融法批量制备了高品质(典型品质因数大于10~5)硫系玻璃微球.优选一颗直径为205.82μm的微球为实验对象,利用光纤锥耦合法对其进行光学近场耦合实验.在808 nm抽运光的作用下,在1.8—2.1μm波段处可观测到明显的荧光回廊模现象.当抽运功率达到0.848 mW的阈值时,可在2080 nm附近观测到明显的激光输出.上述实验结果表明本文采用的2S2G硫系玻璃具有用于制备工作在中远红外波段的有源光学/光电子学器件的潜力.     

周视大像旋稳海天线方位截距补偿算法

 为使两轴周视光电探测系统在三自由度扰动和大像旋条件下搜索并跟踪水面目标,在虚拟天际线焦平面像五自由度解析表达式基础上,推导出以目标像点和像旋中心线距离作为补偿截距的周视大像旋稳海天线方位截距补偿算法。通过对补偿截距与系统焦距的比值求反正切函数得到补偿角的绝对值,将目标像点和像旋中心点坐标转换到方位旋转坐标系下,并以转换后二者横坐标的代数差正负号作为补偿量的符号判据。该算法是在存在非线性大角度像旋情况下使目标像点逼近像旋中心线,与俯仰机构的向量角补偿算法联动能够使目标像点始终逼近焦平面原点。数学模型仿真验证了单次补偿能够将残差减小到1%左右,真实工况试验也验证了方位截距补偿算法的合理性。     

Laser Induced Damage Threshold at 355 and 1064nm of Ta2O5 Films of Different Phases

Ta2O5 films axe deposited on fused silica substrates by conventional electron beam evaporation method. By annealing at different temperatures, Ta2 O5 films of amorphous, hexagonal and orthorhombic phases are obtained and confirmed by x-ray diffractometer （XRD） results. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis shows that chemical composition of all the films is stoichiometry. It is found that the amorphous Ta2 O5 film achieves the highest laser induced damage threshold （LIDT） either at 355 or 1064nm, followed by hexagonal phase and finally orthorhombic phase. The damage morphologies at 355 and 1064nm are different as the former shows a uniform fused area while the latter is centred on one or more defect points, which is induced by different damage mechanisms. The decrease of the LIDT at 1064nm is attributed to the increasing structural defect, while at 355nm is due to the combination effect of the increasing structural defect and decreasing band gap energy.     

Comparison of TiO2 and ZrO2 Films Deposited by Electron-Beam Evaporation and by Sol-Gel Process

TiO2 and ZrO2 films are deposited by electron-beam （EB） evaporation and by sol-gel process. The film properties are characterized by visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, x-ray diffraction analysis, surface roughness measure, absorption and laser-induced damage threshold （LIDT） test. It is found that the sol-gel films have lower refractive index, packing density and roughness than EB deposited films due to their amorphous structure and high OH group concentration in the film. The high LIDT of sol-gel films is mainly due to their amorphous and porous structure, and low absorption. LIDT of EB deposited film is considerably affected by defects in the film, and LIDT of sol-gel deposited film is mainly effected by residual organic impurities and solvent trapped in the film.     

基于数值模拟的燃机高压盘腔系统流动特性研究

增加燃气初温是提高燃气轮机效率的主要途径。为了确保充分冷却透平叶片与轮盘,在防止燃气入侵盘腔的同时降低冷气量,需要针对盘腔系统内的流动特性展开研究。高压涡轮盘腔系统含有预旋腔等多个腔室,通过转静封严或旋转孔相互连通。尽管国内外学者针对盘腔系统开展了一系列研究,但大部分以单一腔室为研究对象,很少考虑多个腔室,尤其是预旋腔上下游盘腔对预旋腔内流动特性的影响。因此,本文以某船用燃机高压涡轮盘腔系统为研究对象,采用CFD方法,模拟了盘腔系统内部的流量分配,预测了斜接受孔和平衡孔的通流能力,分析了盘腔内的压力、温度、速度场分布和涡系结构,并分析了燃气入侵现象。本文的研究结果可为研究复杂盘腔系统提供参考。     

基于共掺杂调控C32多极矩的二阶非线性光学响应

基于密度泛函(DFT)理论,采用CAM-B3LYP方法,以C₃₂分子为多极矩构建骨架,设计了两类替位式共掺杂的富勒烯衍生物C₂₈B₂N₂和C₂₈B₂P₂,共16种同分异构体,并对它们的电子性质、线性极化率α和一阶超极化率β进行研究。结果表明,掺杂后分子的HOMO-LUMO能隙变小,C₂₈B₂P₂的α和β值均大于C28B2N2系列。其中偶极分子具有大的β值,八极分子则有较小的β值,筛选出具有优异的二阶非线性光学(NLO)响应特性的结构。含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)的结果表明,与C₃₂相比,掺杂后所有结构的吸收光谱的响应范围变宽,最大吸收强度减弱,且最大吸收波长的位置发生红移或蓝移。基于完全态求和(SOS)方法,分别用二能级或三能级公式解释了两类共掺杂结构中β值最大的来源,并且证明了与之有关的电子激发类型为π→π*激发。