网格重分中关于守恒重映的几个问题

首先针对离散情况,对垸恒重映中的“守恒”给出数学上严格的解释。在此基础上,对守恒重映问题中所固有的守恒量协调问题作了描述,并提出一种基于最小二乘法的处理方案,同时,还分析了容易混淆的“质量密度”和“体积密度”,网格中心量和网格节点量等基本概念,并采用两种不同的辅助网格来对网格节点量进行重映。     

城市河道系统的景观敏感性与景观规划

运用景观生态学的原理,通过对城市河道系统的景观敏感性与视觉美学敏感性的分析,指出景观系统的敏感性是指不同时间和空间尺度上系统对干扰的反应.揭示了城市化的快速发展使土地利用方式发生大规模改变的同时,城市河道及其沿岸景观系统在结构、形态上也发生巨大变化,导致河流水文、生态系统的破坏与功能的退化,城市水文洪涝灾害频发、水质污染严重和美学质量下降等问题,提出用景观规划探讨城市河道系统的保护、修复与补偿系统及可持续发展途径.     

1996年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试数学试题及参考解答

一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题材3分,满分15分)(1)设(?)(x 2a/x-a)~x=8,则a=ln 2(2)设一平面经过原点及点(6,-3,2),且与平面4x一y十2z=8垂直,则此平面方程为2x 2y-3z=0(3)微分方程y″-2y′ 2y=e~x的通解为y=e~x(c_1cosx c_2sin 1)(4)函数u=In(x ((y~2 z~2)(1/2)))在点 A(1,01)处沿点 A指向点 B(3,-2,2)方向的方向导数为1/2(5)设A是4×3矩阵,且A的秩r(A)=2,而B=（?）,则r(AB)=2.     

4.3 THz quantum-well photodetectors with high detection sensitivity

We demonstrate a high performance GaAs/AlGaAs-based quantum-well photodetector(QWP) device with a peak response frequency of 4.3 THz. The negative differential resistance(NDR) phenomenon is found in the dark current–voltage(I–V) curve in the current sweeping measurement mode, from which the breakdown voltage is determined. The photocurrent spectra and blackbody current responsivities at different voltages are measured. Based on the experimental data, the peak responsivity of 0.3 A/W(at 0.15 V, 8 K) is derived, and the detection sensitivity is higher than 10~(11) Jones,which is in the similar level as that of the commercialized liquid-helium-cooled silicon bolometers. We attribute the high detection performance of the device to the small ohmic contact resistance of ～ 2 ? and the big breakdown bias.     

Y、V共掺杂CaBi4Ti4O15陶瓷的结构及电性能研究

采用固相烧结法制备了Y、V共掺杂的CaBi4Ti4O15陶瓷(简称CYBTV).Y、V共掺杂有利于陶瓷晶粒沿c轴方向生长,提高瓷体致密度.测量和分析了不同频率下CYBTV陶瓷的交流电导率σ.c和直流电导率σdc随温度(300～ 1150 K)的变化以及陶瓷的复阻抗谱.σac在不同温区表现出不同程度的频率和温度相关性:在低温区,σac随着频率的升高而增大;在高温区,σac随着温度的升高而增大.CBT基材料的复阻抗响应主要与晶粒电阻电容有关,Y、V共掺杂后,陶瓷的晶粒电阻率显著增大,从而导致材料电阻率的提高.     

单个量子点的光学性质与应用

量子点(QDs)是一种具有诸多优良光学特性的荧光纳米颗粒,已在化学分析、生物传感、分子影像等领域得到了广泛应用.单个量子点的光学性质研究有望发现一些宏观方法不能发现的实验现象,可以为改善其光学性能提供思路,有助于更好的应用于各领域.本文评述了单个量子点的检测与判定方法,单个量子点的荧光增强、漂白、眨眼(blinking)、蓝移等光学性质及其在单分子示踪、生物化学传感、超分辨定位技术等方面的应用.总结了目前量子点作为荧光探针在实际应用中遇到的问题,并提出未来量子点将朝着合成能同时满足尺寸小、量子产率高、 "non-blinking"、蓝移幅度大、无生物毒性的量子点及能同时为成像/检测提供荧光探针与散射探针的等离子体量子点等研究方向发展.     

过渡金属锆铁对钨中氢氦行为的影响

钨被广泛地认为是最具潜力的面向等离子体材料。钨在聚变堆中的服役过程中,会受到强束低能的氢氦粒子流的影响,其结果是钨的性能下降。本工作通过第一性原理计算的方法研究了过渡金属锆铁对钨中氢氦行为的影响。研究结果表明,锆或铁的掺入会使钨的机械强度降低,延展性增加;锆铁的掺入不会改变氢氦在钨中的最佳占位,但是它们对氢氦在钨中的稳定性有一定影响;锆和铁对钨中氢氦的捕获作用存在一个最佳作用半径;铁原子在短距离（< 3.626 Å）时对氦有捕获作用,在长距离（> 3.626 Å）时存在排斥作用,而锆对钨中氢氦均具有捕获作用;钨中氢表现为亲电子的性质,而氦表现出疏电子的特性。总体上讲,锆对钨中氢氦的捕获作用要强于铁对钨中氢氦的捕获作用。本研究工作能够为钨基面向等离子体材料制备提供理论指导。Tungsten was widely considered as a highly promising candidate of plasma facing material, while the presence of hydrogen and helium has an adverse effect on the performance of the tungsten. The effects of transition metals (zirconium, iron) on the behavior of hydrogen and helium in tungsten were investigated by using the first-principles calculation method. The results show that doping of zirconium and iron decreases the mechanical strength of tungsten a little, but they increase the ductility of tungsten; zirconium and iron can't change the best occupied site of hydrogen and helium in tungsten, but they have some effect on the stability of the point defects formed by hydrogen and helium in tungsten; there is the best attraction radius between the transition metals (zirconium, iron) and hydrogen or helium in tungsten; there is an attractive interaction between iron and helium in a short distance (<3.626 Å), but a repulsion interaction in a long distance (>3.626 Å). An attractive interaction exists between zirconium and helium or hydrogen in tungsten whatever the distance is; the hydrogen that in tungsten has an electrophilic nature, while the helium has opposite features. The attraction interaction between zirconium and hydrogen or helium in tungsten is stronger than that of iron. Our works in this paper might provide a theory guide for the selection and preparation of the tungsten based alloy that is used as the plasma facing materials.     

Statistical Significance of Non-Reproducibility of Cross Sections in Dissipative Reactions

Two independent excitation function measurements have been performed in the reaction system of ^19F ^93Nb using two target foils of the same nominal thickness. We measured the dissipative reaction products at incident energies of 102 through 108 MeV with a step of 250ke V. The variance of energy autocorrelation functions of the reaction products was found to be three times of that originated from the randomized counting rates. By analysing the probability distributions of the deviations in the measured cross sections, we found that about 20% of all the deviations exceeds three standard deviations. This indicates that the non-reproduclbility of the cross sections in the two independent measurements is of a statistical significance but not originated from randomized fluctuation of counting rates.     

关于在有奇异粒子参加时强相互作用中宇称不守恒的问题

这工作研究了关于在有奇异粒子参加时强作用宇称不守恒的问题。入射粒子π的动量为68亿电子伏/c和80亿电子伏/c。应用了24升的丙烷气泡室,气泡室放在磁场强度为13.700高斯的磁场里,一共看了34000张照片,得到203个∧⁰粒子。研究了这208个∧⁰衰变在∧⁰静止的系统里前后的不对称。对全部事例得到不对称因子的下限αP_θ=-0.24±0.12。这前后不对称的存在是与在产生奇异粒子的强作用中宇称不守恒有联系的重要结果。     

超强激光与“霍金-安鲁辐射”实验研究进展综述

对利用激光进行霍金-安鲁辐射实验的研究现状和实验挑战点等方面进行综述。霍金-安鲁辐射是量子引力理论的重要推论之一。对其进行实验观测研究,将对量子引力理论、大统一理论、乃至万物终极理论的发展具有重要推动作用。霍金-安鲁辐射可以通过强激光、储存环、潘宁阱、声学、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚等各种实验手段加以研究,其中借助强激光有两类方法:人工光学黑洞和强激光加速。前者是利用介质的非线性效应,产生一个光波传播的视界,进而对视界附近的量子现象,包括霍金-安鲁辐射,进行研究;后者是利用超强激光场对电子施加的超高加速度来研究电子的霍金-安鲁辐射等特性。