振动合成在气垫导轨上的验证

晶格中原子的集体振动——声子与晶格的热力学性质密切相关。它是凝聚态物理中的重要内容并具有广泛的应用。由于介绍量子化的声子需要较多的基础知识,目前很少在本科教学中展示该内容。本文从经典物理的角度出发,通过气垫导轨实验来演示滑块的集体振荡,验证了任一种振动均是由基振动线性叠加而成,这一实验在本科教学中可帮助学生理解"合成、叠加、耦合"等现代物理学概念。     

Role of entropy generation minimization in thermal optimization

Thermal optimization is very important for improving the performances of thermal systems. In engineering, the entropy generation minimization(EGM) has been widely used to optimize and evaluate the performances of thermal systems.However, the consistency between the EGM and the optimization objective should be specified when the EGM is used.In this paper, we discuss the view angle of irreversibility of entropy generation, and show that entropy generation directly reflects the exergy destruction or the ability loss of doing work. As the design objective in a thermal system is not often consistent with the view angle of irreversibility of entropy generation, the EGM may not lead to the optimal value of the design objective. In heat transfer and heat-work conversion, the inconsistence between the design objectives and the EGM is shown with some examples, and the applicability of the EGM is found to be conditional. The "entropy generation paradox" in heat exchanger analyses is also discussed, and it is shown that there is no direct monotonic relation between the minimum entropy generation rate and the best heat transfer performance of heat exchangers.     

Calculated cross sections for the single ionization of atoms (N, Cu, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Pb) by electron impact

By correcting some primary parameters in the semi-classical Deutsch--M?rk (DM) formula, this paper calculates the absolute single electron-impact ionization cross sections of atoms N, Cu, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, I and Pb from threshold to 10000eV. The calculated cross sections are compared with available experimental data and other theoretical results. An excellent agreement was achieved between the calculated and measured cross sections for these atoms over a wide range of impact energies.     

对称陀螺分子NH3的高温谱线强度研究

在直接计算分子配分函数的基础上,将无转动跃迁偶极矩平方近似为一常数,计算了对称陀螺分子NH₃ 0300 a—0000 s跃迁在高温下的线强度.在296K,计算的分子总配分函数与HITRAN数据库的结果符合很好,只有0.19%的百分误差.计算的跃迁线强度在2000 K和3000K的高温与HITRAN数据库的结果也符合相当好,最大百分误差分别为-0.65%和-1.77%.这就表明分子配分函数和线强度的高温计算是可靠的.在此基础上,计算被扩展到更高温度,报道了对称陀螺分子NH_{3< 关键词： 高温光谱 对称陀螺分子 配分函数 氨}     

W&#183;H&#183;布拉格的科学实验观与人文观探析

简要地介绍与剖析了W&#183;H&#183;布拉格的科学实验观与人文观．     

Entanglement for Two-Qubit Extended Werner-Like States： Effect of Non-Markovian Environments

We investigate the sudden birth and sudden death of entanglement of two qubits interacting with uncorrelated structured reservoirs. The system is initially prepared in two-qubit extended Werner-like state. We work out the dependence of the entanglement dynamics on both non-Markovian environments and the purity of initial state, and show that non-Markovian environments and the purity can control the time of the two-qubit entanglement sudden death and the reservoirs＇ entanglement sudden birth. Furthermore, under the conditions of different purity and initial entangIement, the revival of qubits＇ entanglement can manifest before, simultaneously or even after the disentanglement of their corresponding reservoirs.     

递变介质光学简史及有关问题

本文分四个时期,即观察启蒙时期,理论准备时期,探索发展时期,长足进步时期,简述了逆变介质光学发展史。最后提出目前一些理论和实际问题。     

化学电源技术指标分类的模型实证研究

分别采用因子分析模型和聚类模型对化学电源的技术指标:正极长度、负极长度、隔膜长度、电液量、容量、开路电压、自放电后电压、内阻和重量进行分析,得出正极长度与负极长度参数设计指标联系最紧密,开路电压与自放电后电压性能测试指标联系最紧密.这为化学电源技术指标的分类研究提供理论依据,为化学电源的设计质量控制、组合管理质量控制提供了参考价值,从而促进化学电源的技术进步与发展.     

不同正交异性材料界面上的扩展裂纹问题

本文用复变函数论的方法,对在不同正交异性材料结合面上扩展的具有任意自相似指数的断裂动力学问题,导出了解的一般表示,给出了一般解法.应用本文方法可以迅速将所论问题化为Riemann-Hilbert问题,并可以相当简单的得到问题的闭合解.作为实例,文中对若干问题进行了求解.利用本文解,通过叠加,可以求得任意复杂载荷问题的解析解.     

Pico-second photoelectric characteristic in manganite oxide La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films

Ultrafast photoelectric characteristic has been observed in La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ films on tilted SrTiO₃ substrates. A pico-second (ps) open-circuit photovoltage of the perovskite manganese oxide films has been obtained when the films were irradiated by a 1.064μm laser pulse of 25 ps duration. The rise time and full width at half-maximum of the photovoltage pulse are ～300 ps and ～700 ps, respectively. The photovoltaic sensitivity was as large as ～500 mV/mJ.