透明陶瓷透光性能的影响因素

 研究了影响激光透明陶瓷透光性能的主要因素,讨论了陶瓷内部气孔和杂质颗粒等散射粒子、晶界结构中晶界折射率与晶粒折射率的差异以及晶界表面粗糙度等因素对陶瓷透光性能的影响,并定量分析了激光陶瓷透过率随气孔尺寸、气孔率、晶粒相对晶界折射率以及晶界表面粗糙度的变化关系。结果表明： 陶瓷的透过率随着气孔率的减小而增大,但透过率随气孔尺寸的增大而呈现出周期性振荡,且当气孔尺寸与入射光波长可比拟时,陶瓷的透过率会明显降低;在晶界结构中,晶界的折射率与晶粒的折射率相差越小,陶瓷的透过率就越高;晶界表面粗糙度越大,透过率越低。然而,晶界折射率不同于晶粒折射率,这使得其陶瓷透过率降低的程度比对晶界表面粗糙度的影响明显得多。在陶瓷制备过程中,需要重点排除尺寸与入射波长可比拟的气孔, 以抑制晶界结构中第二相的产生。     

Laser-induced quadrupoleben quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr

By considering the relative velocity distribution function and multipole expansion interaction Hamiltonian, a three-state model for calculating the cross section of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer is presented. Calculated results in Xe-Kr system show that in the present system, the laser-induced collision process occurs for ~4 ps, which is much shorter than the dipole-dipole laser-induced collisional energy transfer (LICET) process. The spectrum of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr system has wider tunable range in an order of magnitude than the dipole-dipole LICET spectra. The peak cross section decreases and moves to the quasi-static wing with increasing temperature and the full width at half peak of the profile becomes larger as the system temperature increases.     

工科物理课程建设与综合改革

工科物理课程建设与综合改革易丽莎，李天应，汤钧民，唐光荣，肖育英（华中理工大学物理系，武汉４３００７４）工科物理课程（包括理论与实验两部分）是工科所有专业必修的重要基础课。由于物理学的基本原理和实验方法渗透到一切科学领域，因此物理课程的教学质量对科技...     

负超可加相依样本密度函数核估计的相合性

本文研究负超可加相依样本的密度函数核估计相合性.利用负超可加相依序列的不等式与性质,获得了密度函数核估计的逐点相和性和一致相和性以及r阶矩相和性.     

AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC DINITRILES AND THEIR POLYMERS ⅪⅤ. STUDY ON THE CATALYSTS OF THE POLYMERIZATION OF AROMATIC NITRILES*

Various catalysts for the polymerization ot aromatic nitriles were investigated. It was found that Lewis acid-metal is a preferable catalyst system for the polymerization of aromatic nitriles, and the polymerization rate is about 10 times faster than Lewis acid alone. The polymerization rate of benzonitrile catalyzed by Lewis acid and different metals was measured, and the activity of metals was in the following decreasing order ,magnesium, zinc, sodium, calcium. Furthermore, the polymerization of benzonitrile catalyzed by different Lewis acid and zinc was also investigated.     

熔融酯交换法合成聚碳酸酯的研究

采用熔融酯交换法,以碳酸二苯酯(DPC)和双酚A(BPA)为原料合成聚碳酸酯(PC).考察了乙酰丙酮(HACAC)类金属配合物催化剂的活性,以及催化剂活性与相应金属离子螯合配位作用的关系.以不同乙酰丙酮金属配合物为催化剂合成的PC的特性黏数([η])对相应金属离子二苯甲酰甲烷(DBM)配合物的稳定常数的对数值(lgβ1)作图,得到1个双火山型曲线,证明DPC与BPA的熔融酯交换缩聚反应是受乙酰丙酮阴离子的碱性作用和金属离子的螯合配位作用共同影响的.通过比较用各种催化剂合成的PC的性质,发现乙酰丙酮锂(LiACAC)是一种优良的催化剂,可以用来合成分子量超过40000([η]=0.710 dL.g-1)、低支化物(Fries产物)含量、低分散(PDI=2.12)的PC.以LiACAC为催化剂,考察了催化剂用量、反应物配比、酯交换阶段压力以及温度等条件对反应的影响.最佳反应条件为,LiACAC的用量为1.5×10-4mol/mol BPA、原料配比nDPC∶nBPA=1.08、酯交换阶段压力设在4000 Pa、缩聚反应阶段反应温度为260℃.     

Theoretical Analysis of Characteristics of GaxInl—x NyAsl—y／GaAs Quantum Well Lasers with Different Intermediate Layers

Based on the band anticrossing model, the effects of the strain-compensated layer and the strain-mediated layero n the band structure, gain and differential gain of GalnNAs/GaAs quantum well lasers have been investigated. The results show that the GaNAs barrier has a disadvantage in increasing the density of states in the conduction band. Meanwhile, the multilayer quantum wells need higher transparency carrier density than the GalnNAs/GaAs single quantum well with the same wavelength. However, they help to suppress the degradation of the differential gain. The calculation also shows that from the viewpoint of band structure, the strain-compensated structure and the strain-mediated structure have similar features.     

三亚甲基碳酸酯基响应性脂肪族聚碳酸酯的研究进展

脂肪族聚碳酸酯是一类可生物降解、生物相容性的材料,在生物医药方面引起广泛关注。两亲性脂肪族聚碳酸酯聚合物中,聚碳酸酯部分凭借其疏水性能处于胶束内核部位,且该部分通过物理包覆、化学键合等方式使聚合物与药物相结合,提升了响应环境下药物运输与释放的方式与能力。因此,本工作对近年来响应性脂肪族聚碳酸酯的研究进展进行了综述,主要阐述了具有外环境刺激响应(pH、光、温度和氧化还原)脂肪族聚碳酸酯的合成、响应原理、在药物传递和释放方面的应用。     

4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的高效液相色谱分析

用甲醇做衍牛试剂,把4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)衍生成4,4'-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC),通过高效液相色谱分析MDC的含量来计算MDI的含量.该方法可以将MDI与合成反应中其他化合物完全分离.在测定浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法简单快速,精密度与准确度高.方法既保护了MDI中活泼的异氰酸根,也不需使用运输和储存困难的MDI标准品,能很好地用于化学合成中该产物的分析.     

国内外碳酸二甲酯酯交换反应催化剂研究进展

碳酸二甲酯（DMC）是一种重要的有机合成原料及中间体，DMC带有-CO、-COOCH3和CH3基团，可进行羰基化、甲基化、甲氧基化和羧甲基化反应，取代传统使用的有毒原料光气、硫酸二甲酯和甲基氯等。因此，1992年DMC在欧洲被登记为绿色无毒化学品，DMC可替代光气合成聚碳酸酯、碳酸二苯酯、异氰酸酯（TDI、MDI、HDI、IPPI）及烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯（ADC）；也可用于合成氨基甲酸酯类农药（西维因）、苯甲醚、甲基芳胺等；此外，DMC具有高的含氧量（53．3％），可以用做汽油添加剂，能有效提高汽油的辛烷值；还具有与其它溶剂相溶性好，蒸发速度快的特点，适于在特种油漆、药物制造行业使用。因此，碳酸二甲酯是一种有广阔发展前景的化学品。