600MeV ~(18)O+~(nat)Pb(厚靶)系统生成Hg同位素独立产额测量(Ⅱ)结果与分析

报道了600MeV（18）O轰击（nat）Ph（厚靶）生成的质量数在180—209之间的Hg同位素产物独立截面的测量结果．通过与600MeV质子轰击天然铅靶生成Hg同位素产额分布的比较，讨论了几个质量区段Hg同位素的生成机制．测量结果也与相对论重离子碎裂反应双质子移出道的产额分布进行了比较．结果表明，中能重离子与中子较富集靶核组成的反应系统对生成丰中子类靶余核具有较明显的优势．     

600MeV 18O+natPb(厚靶)系统生成Hg同位素独立产额测量(Ⅰ)实验和技术

采用在束气相热色谱的Hg元素分离方法和特殊的探测技术,测量了600MeV ¹⁸O束轰击厚天然铅靶生成的¹⁸⁰Hg至²⁰⁹Hg计20余种放射性Hg同位素产物的独立截面,描写了实验装置、探测技术、γ谱分析以及从递次衰变子体的γ活性来提取Hg同位素生成截面的方法.     

利用α关联衰变链鉴别新同位素_(107)~(265)Bh

主要介绍了合成和鉴别107号元素的新同位素265Bh的实验装置、实验方法以及实验结果.目标核265Bh是由能量为135MeV的26Mg离子轰击243Am靶,通过融合蒸发反应而产生.反应产物首先由He jet系统传输到装有数个探测器对的转轮收集测量系统,然后依靠母子核遗传关系通过观察新同位素和它们已知子核261Db和257Lr之间的α衰变的关联,来实现对新核素的鉴别.实验测得265Bh的α衰变能量为(9.24±0.05)MeV, 半衰期为0.94+0.70-0.31s.从该实验得出的265Bh的α衰变能量和半寿命能够与理论预言一致.     

135MeV/u 12C和铁相互作用中靶余核的质量分布

用核化学技术测定了135MeV/u ¹²C和铁相互作用中的靶余核的生成截面,通过高斯电荷分布函数得到了靶余核的质量分布.与46MeV/u ¹²C+Cu相比,发现A<30质量区的产额明显增加,且产物有偏向丰中子一侧的趋势.实验测定的质量分布与熔合碎裂模型和级联两体模型的计算结果进行了比较,结果似乎表明在很高入射能情况下多重碎裂衰变是A<30靶余核生成的主要反应机制.     

600MeV 40Ar+197Au反应碎片角分布

在4π立体角范围内收集反应产物,采用离束γ射线测量方法测量了600MeV ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au反应的给定质量数的碎片角分布.讨论了中能重离子反应碎片角分布特征和产生碎片的反应机制.     

266Bh的α衰变性质研究(英文)

报道了利用兰州重离子研究装置提供的26Mg重离子束流轰击243Am靶产生和鉴别已知超重核素266Bh的实验结果。利用转轮收集探测装置依靠母子核遗传关系通过观测Bh同位素与其子核Db和Lr之间的α-α关联事件来鉴别266Bh。实验中观测到266Bh的α能量为（9.03 ± 0.08）MeV, 与日本理化学研究所在合成113号元素中第一个衰变链中观测到266Bh的α能量为9.07 MeV相近。 266Bh的半衰期为0.66+0.59-0.26 s, 从实验得到的Qα也符合Z=107的Qα随中子数变化的系统性。The isotope of 266Bh was produced and identified definitely in bombardments of 243Am target with 162 MeV 26Mg ions at HIRFL. Identification was made by observation of correlated α particle decays between the Bh isotopes and their Db and Lr daughters using a rotating wheel system. The measured α energy for 266Bh is (9.03±0.08) MeV, and this value close to the 9.07 MeV for 266Bh observed in the first chain of element 113 at RIKEN. The half life of 266Bh is 0.66+0.59 -0.26 s. The Qα value derived from this experiment fits well into the general trend in a “Qα N systematics” for the isotopes with Z = 107.     

近代物理研究所超重核研究现状及计划

简单描述了超重核合成的历史与国际现状， 详细地介绍了近代物理研究所已经开展的研究工作及取得的成果， 并对近代物理研究所未来在超重核研究方面的研究计划进行了介绍。 The history and the international status of the super heavy nuclei synthesis are briefly described. The related research work carried out at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) has been reviewed. The prospect of the super heavy nuclei research at IMP has been introduced.     

粘红酵母对铀的吸附研究

研究了粘红酵母对水溶液中铀的吸附行为,发现其吸附铀的最佳pH值为6～7,最大吸附量为149.4 mgU·g-1,其吸附等温线和Langmuir吸附等温方程符合较好,相关系数R-2达到0.99;比较吸附铀前后牯红酵母的红外光谱图发现,吸附过铀的菌体的红外光谱在904cm-1处出现了一个新的峰,此峰为UO2的伸缩振动峰,说明粘红酵母确实对铀发生了吸附作用.此外,氨基或羟基的伸缩振动峰由3 309移至3 287cm-1,细胞壁中碳水化合物或醇中C-O键伸缩振动发生位移,由1 068移至1 080cm-1,说明这些基团可能参与了吸附过程;蛋白质的特征吸收峰(1 653,1 540,1 237cm-1)在吸附前后基本无明显变化,表明粘红酵母的主要成分及结构仍保持完整.吸附后的菌体利用0.1 mol·L-1的NaHCO3处理后可解吸出其中96%的铀,可见该菌在铀矿废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

铀矿坑水样中铀电沉积层的表征

描述了硫酸铵溶液中铀矿坑水样品中铀的电沉积层特性。 电沉积液为10 ml 0.8 M的硫酸铵溶液, 电流密度0.6 A/cm2, pH值为2.5, 电镀1 h。 电沉积经化学分离后的水样品和电沉积的纯硝酸铀酰样品进行了比较, 并对二者分别做了红外(IR)光谱、 扫描电镜(SEM)、 元素分析以及α能谱测量。 IR谱上铀酰离子的反对称伸缩振动峰在887 cm-1附近, 使电沉积在不锈钢片上的铀主要以铀酰离子水合物的形式存在, 有一部分NH+4以NH3的形式替代水合物中的水, 使电沉积层中铀的化合物形式为UO2(OH)2·xNH3·yH2O或者UO2(OH)2-x·(ONH4)x·yH2O, 铀酰离子通过链的形式形成聚合结构。 SEM照片显示电沉积层均匀, 没堆积成团现象出现。 α谱表明电沉积层中铀的同位素主要是238U和234U, 相应的α能量峰4198和4773 keV很显著, 没其它峰的干扰。 Characteristics of electrodeposited uranium films of uranium ore water sample in ammonium sulphate was investigated in this work. The optimized electrodeposited conditions were as follows: electrolyte was ammonium sulphate of 0.8 M, and current density at the cathode was 0.6 A/cm2, electrolyte pH value was 2.5, the time of plating on the electrodeposition was 1 h. In this situation, the uniform, thin and adheresive films were produced by electrodeposition method. Two samples were made, one electrodeposition of pure uranyl nitrate, and another electrodeposition of uranium ore water sample after chemical separation. Characteristics of electrodeposited uranium films of uranium ore water sample after chemical separation was studied, making comparisons with electrodeposited films of uranyl nitrate. The analysis of film characteristics was done through infrared (IR) spectrum, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), element analysis and α spectrum measurment. According to Fourier transform infrared spectra, the asymmetric stretching vibration band of uranyl group is around 887 cm-1. In addition, according to IR spectrum, we know that uranium exists mainly as the form of hydrated polymeric compound in the film. Electrodeposited uranium films also included many NH+4. Polymeric structures of variable composition were present in the electrodeposited samples, with the unit monomeric formula UO2(OH)2·xNH3·yH2O or UO2(OH)2-x·(ONH4)x·yH2O. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the two samples have similar surface characteristics and no cluster is observed. The samples were also measured by spectrometer equipped with Passivated Implanted Planar Silicon(PIPS) detector. From the α spectrum, we know that isotopes of uranium in the film are 238U and 234U. 235U is not found in the α spectrum. It also shows that the chemical separation process can isolate uranium from other interfering elements effectively, the result of chemical separation is very satisfactory and electrodeposited process is rather efficient. Source electrodeposited in ammonium sulphate through optimized conditions satisfies the need of high resolution α spectrum.     

可能合成的超重核的alpha衰变能和半衰期

本文考察和研究了将来可能在实验上合成的超重新元素和新核素的基态性质。研究的重点主要放在原子核的alpha衰变能和半衰期。详细比较和讨论了不同理论模型计算的alpha衰变能和半衰期。通过这些计算和比较,从理论上提出了将来在实验上比较容易合成的超重新元素和新核素的性质。理论计算结果可为将来的超重核实验提供理论参考。