快离子导体的机械化学合成

快离子导体是二次高能电池及其他全固体电化学器件研制与开发的重要材料，常规方法由于存在原材料选择受限以及原料对容器侵蚀等技术问题，致使一些高性能快离子导体的制备受到很大限制。为此，人们将目标转移到不需加热、在室温条件下即可实现这一材料制备的机械化学合成法。本文总结了近年来利用这种方法在制备快离子导体方面取得的一些最新研究成果。     

马来酰亚胺阴离子聚合链引发反应机理研究

以氢氧根离子催化马来酰亚胺聚合反应为例,通过理论计算探讨了在DMF溶剂(ε=36.7)中阴离子聚合链引发阶段的微观机理,在DFT(B3LYP/6-311G*)水平搜索得到反应路径,相同水平上对反应物中间体、过渡态和产物进行几何优化和振动分析,并经过IRC验证.发现在反应过程中氢氧根先进攻酰亚胺的碳,经过一过渡态最终生成氢氧根连接在碳碳双键上的阴离子,证明反应机理为阴离子聚合.由于活化能较小,所以聚合反应在较温和的条件下即可进行.     

Microcalorimetric Evaluation of the Effect of Kanamycin： An Analysis Based on the Median-Effect Principle

A study of the effect of drug, kanamycin, on the growth metabolism of recombinant Escherichia coli B 1 was carded out by microcalorimeter monitoring of the metabolic activity of treated cells. Power-time curves of growing recombinant Escherichia coli cell suspensions, treated with different kanamycin doses, were recorded. The extent of the effect was evaluated by changes in the slopes of the microcalorimetric curves and the kinetics of the drug action was interpreted from the time at which these changes reached their maximum values and maintained their maximum values. Experimental dose-effect relationships conform to the median-effect principle of the mass-action law： fa/（1-fa）=（D/D50）^m. A plot of y=lg[（fa）^1-1]^-1 versus x=lg D gives the slope m, D50 and R∞. The experimental results revealed that high concentration of kanamycin had an inhibitory effect on the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli B 1 in the lg phase, and had a promoting effect in the stationary period. Moreover, it was demonstrated that microcalorimetry was a reliable method for the detection of modulatory effects in biology.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Tri-substitute Potassium Salt of Trinitrophloroglucinol

The title complex [K3（TNPG）·（H2O）2]n was synthesized by the reaction of the aqueous solutions of trinitrophlomglucinol （TNPG） with KHCO3. The complex was characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy, and its single crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural analysis demonstrates that two different coordination modes of K cations [K（1） and K（2）] are around TNPG^3- anions in complex [Ka（TNPG）·（H2O）2]n, where the coordination numbers are eight. All K atoms coordinate with O atoms of phenolic hydroxyl group and nitro-group simultaneously. The thermolysis of the [Ka（TNPG） · （H2O）2]n has been investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry （TG-DTG） at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min. The thermal decomposition processes of the title complex were comprised of one endothermic dehydration stage and one exothermic decomposition stage in 270-320℃, and the final decomposition residue contained KNC. Impact and friction sensitivity results of the complex revealed its sensitive nature towards mechanical stimuli. The experiments verified that the complex has some characteristics of explosive.     

Fe3O4/Au复合微粒制备条件及性质研究

在纳米级Fe₃O₄作为种子, 过量的盐酸羟胺为还原剂的条件下, 将Au³⁺在分散于水相中的Fe₃O₄胶态种子表面还原为Au⁰, 得到核壳结构, 粒径为170 nm左右的Fe₃O₄/Au磁性复合微粒, 并对磁性复合微粒的制备条件进行了优化. 通过激光粒度散射仪和透射电子显微镜分析了不同条件下磁性复合微粒的粒径分布及形貌, 结果表明: Fe₃O₄种子的磁响应性、悬浮稳定性以及种子表面Au³⁺的还原条件等是得到单分散性、粒径均一、磁响应性和悬浮性能好的胶态Fe₃O₄/Au复合微粒的主要影响因素. 通过紫外-可见分光光度计对Fe₃O₄/Au复合微粒的扫描分析发现, 磁性复合微粒在可见光区域呈现与胶体金类似的特征吸收峰, d (0.5) =168 nm的Fe₃O₄/Au磁性复合微粒的最大吸收峰位于波长625 nm处.     

Rapid Thermolysis Studies of [Pb2（TNR）2（CHZ）2（H2O）2]·4H2O and Cd（CHZ）2（TNR）（H2O）

T-jump/FT-IR spectroscopy was used to study the rapid thermal decomposition activity of [Pb2（TNR）2（CHZ）2（H2O）2]·4H2O and Cd（CHZ）2（TNR）（H2O） under 0.1 MPa Ar atmosphere. The results show that the main gaseous products of [Pb2（TNR）2（CHZ）2（H2O）2]·4H2O are NH3, H2O and HONO, while CO and NO are the major gaseous products of flash pyrolysis of Cd（CHZ）2（TNR）（H2O）. Thus Cd（CHZ）2（TNR）（H2O） is not an eco-friendly and chemically compatible primary explosive. Both compounds liberate volatile metal carbonate, oxide and isocyanate compounds. The combustion temperature and products of the two compounds were calculated by Real code. The results of theoretical calculation show that the combustion temperature of [Pb2（TNR）2（CHZ）2（H2O）2].4H2O is higher than that of Cd（CHZ）2（TNR）（H2O）, there is no HNCO in the combus- tion products and the amount of NO is less than the experiment result from T-jump/FTIR.     

用新课程标准指导数学教学

上海市高中数学二期课改已走过三年历程.学生的主动学习精神不断增强,数学教学健康发展.高中数学二期课改给我们带来了新的理念、新的观点、新的方法.回顾三年来的实践,如何充分发挥二期课改所达到的目标,如何更有效的开展数学教学,谈谈笔者的看法.一、高中数学二期课改的改革与创新1.课程目标的改革与创新仔细研读新的课程方案,我们感受最深的是,从时代要求出发,以学生发展为本是课程改革的一个明显的特征.调整后的课程目标突出强调了数学创新精神、数学实践能力以及团队精神和合作能力的培养,以培养学生的数学文化素养为目标,养成学生运用…     

稀土配合物的荧光特性实验研究

对稀土元素铕、铽、镝的氯化物与咪唑二元配合物,与丙氨酸、咪唑三元配合物,乙酰甘氨酸铕、镧、钕、铕与苯并咪唑配合物以及它们的配体,以可见光为激发光进行了荧光光谱测量,比较了不同稀土元素的荧光特性,分析了不同配体对稀土离子荧光特性的影响,讨论了稀土离子在配合物中的发光机制,同时还观察分析了升频荧光现象.     

ICP-AES法测定钛合金中的6种元素

用ＨＣｌ分解钛合金样品,直接用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定其中的Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ａｌ及Ｚｒ６种元素,方法简便、快速、测定各元素含量范围为０．２８％－６．５１％,相对标准偏差为０．７２％－５．０７％,回收率为９７．４％－１０２％。     

一种重构高功率激光束波前的方法

介绍一种对“星光Ⅱ”１０＾１２Ｗ高功率激光器的波前相位进行重构测量的研究方法。实验中对高功率激光束经过孔阵列相位传感器在像纸上烧蚀成的光斑阵列进行图像处理,测定各光斑光强中心及相对位移,再由理论分析得到实用的迭代算法公式,重构出高功率激光束波前。