第22届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题1的介绍与解答

第22届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题1为磁学黑盒子(Magnetic black box),试题利用智能手机中的磁力计测量磁感应强度随时间的变化,从而研究磁铁在无磁性空心管中的运动及空心管的材料.本文详细介绍了实验试题1的内容,并给出详细解答.     

HIRFL-CSRE 脉冲堆积式高频数字低电平系统

为突破传统束流堆积方式瓶颈、提高重离子流强,兰州重离子加速器冷却储存实验环（HIRFL-CSRe）将采用移动式脉冲堆积方案（Moving Barrier Bucket）。该方案要求高频系统能产生高精度的单正弦电压,然而由于Barrier Bucket（BB）电压的宽带特性以及高频系统的非线性,高频腔内的BB电压存在着严重的失真问题。针对此问题,在全面分析了BB电压波形特性以及高频系统的频率响应的基础上,设计了BB电压预失真前馈控制方案,并详细描述了该方案的原理、仿真、软硬件设计以及实际测试结果。研究成果将应用于HIRFL-CSRe的BB束流堆积实验以及十二五强流重离子加速器（HIAF）的BB堆积模式。     

LD抽运Er3+，Yb3+共掺磷酸盐玻璃被动调Q激光器的理论分析和数值计算

研究了以Co²⁺:MgAl₂O₄晶体为饱和吸收体的LD抽运Er³⁺,Yb³⁺共掺磷酸盐玻璃激光器.针对双掺离子之间的能量传递和Er³⁺的多种跃迁过程，结合Co²⁺:MgAl₂O₄晶体中Co²⁺离子的饱和吸收特性，给出了详尽的速率方程，在其基础上进行了数值分析，分析了输出镜透过率、激光介质长度、谐振腔长度、腔内往返损耗、饱和吸收体长度对激光阈值、峰值功率、单脉冲能量以及脉冲宽度的影响.     

Highly Directional Emission from a Subwavelength Slit in Metal-Dielectric Layered Films

The directional light emission from a single subwavelength slit surrounded by periodic grooves in layered films consisting of Ag and transparent dielectric is analysed numerically by the finite difference time domain method. The results show that the transmission through this structure is strongly confined by the modulation of the dielectric film with grooves on the output side. The role of evanescent waves in this phenomenon is discussed. It is the re-diffraction of the evanescent waves （that are generated by the diffraction of the subwavelength slit） caused by the grooves on the dielectric film that leads to the directional transmission. Some suggestions are given to obtain beaming light with high transmittance.     

基于荧光光谱法与深度信念网络的稻种发芽率检测方法研究（英文）

针对传统稻种发芽率检测效率低、精度差、专业化要求高等问题,通过荧光光谱法结合深度信念网络(DBN)建立稻种发芽率预测模型。首先,将连粳7号和武运粳均分别老化0~7d后,以5min为间隔在纯净水中分别浸泡5~30min。然后用荧光光谱仪检测浸泡液的荧光光谱,光谱数据经中心化后用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)去噪,并通过主成分分析法提取441.5nm的特征荧光波长。最后,利用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR),反向传播神经网络(BPNN),径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)和深度信念网络(DBN)建立水稻种子发芽预测模型。比较后得出,DBN模型在少数据、弱信号情况下的预测精度最高,预测集相关系数Rp和均方根误差RMSEP最大可达0.979 2和0.101。同时,通过分析混合稻种荧光数据Rp的变化趋势,得到最佳浸泡时间为22.1min,实际上,精确度超过0.95(Rp)需要5min左右。研究结果表明,结合荧光光谱法和EEMD-DBN模型,非破坏性地预测水稻种子发芽率具有可行性和高准确性,并且适用于不同颜色和污染水平的水稻种子的检测。     

第22届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛理论部分第2题试题与解答

第22届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛理论试题共三道，其中第二道题为相变的力学模型(A Mechanical Model for Phase Transitions)。该试题以朗道相变理论为背景，研究旋转的环上小球的运动，建立并分析相变的力学模型。本文介绍了该试题内容及解答，并对试题和选手作答情况进行了简要分析。     

光学系统的保护装置—光学限制器

本文介绍了不同种类的光学限制器及其相应的机理，着重地讨论了利用双光子吸收过程的半导体光学限制特性，并对不同光波段可能的候选材料进行了讨论．     

Coordinate Transformation for Fast Simulation of Z-Scan Measurements

We apply a new method consisting of a coordinate transformation and two-step scheme to simulate numerically Zscan characteristics of a nonlinear medium. A comparison of numerical results obtained by this new method with those by the conventional numerical method is made. The results show that the new scheme yields a large, orders-     

Theoretical and experimental study of the intensity distribution in biological tissues

Based on the diffusion approximate theory （DA）, a theoretical model about the distribution of the intensity of a narrow collimation beam illuminating on a semi-lnfinite biological tissue is developed. In order to verify the correctness of the model, a novel method of measuring the distributions of the intensity of light in Intralipid-10% suspension at 650 nm is presented and ts of the distributions of the distance-dependent intensity of scattering light in different directions are made. The investigations show that the results from our diffusion model are in good agreement with the experimental results beyond and in the areas around the light source, and the distance-dependent intensity in the incident direction attenuates approximately in the exponential form. Furthermore, our theoretic results indicate the anisotropic characteristics of the intensity in different directions of scattering light inside the biological tissue.     

利用改进的Z-scan方法确定热致非线性

给出了两种改进的Ｚ－ｓｃａｎ方法．它们较通常的Ｚ－ｓｃａｎ方法具有更高的灵敏度。利用这两种方法，对溶液的热致非线性进行了测量，实验与理论符合得较好。